Human Rights as a Global Issue

humane beings Rights as a Global IssueThis essay get out aim to explain and describe mercifulkind mightys, how it was value and how it is rapidly meet a global issue in various countries. The essay give similarly go further to discuss Benthams theory relating to human rights and analyse the values of human rights with and without rightfulnesss to value them.Firstly, according to MM Wallace and Martin-Ortega human rights ar regarded as those central and inalienable rights essential for life as a human being.1 mankind rights be kn let to be the radical rights that belong to all and as such all one(a) is entitled to hand these rights. in that location fuck off been different ideas on human rights over past centuries thus far it received supranationalistic support as a result of the final solution and the Second World War. As a result of this, the United terra firma adopted the Universal Declaration of tender Rights in 1948 which sets out to protect human rights in various countries, to create aw atomic number 18ness to individuals, to serve as a benchmark, to educate individuals on their rights, to serve as a political tool. There atomic number 18 different bodies under the United Nations that manage the affairs of human rights and these ar the Human Rights committee, the Human rights commission which was replaced by the Human rights council. These bodies enforce and aim to maintain human rights equitys in different countries to a certain extent.There are three different human right justices which are enforced and monitored in different ways these are the international police, the regional right and the domestic honor. According to the oxford dictionary international law is a body of rules established by custom or accordance recognised by nations as binding in their relations with one another.2The international law protects human rights globally and it consists of treaties and conventions such as internationalist Convention on C ivil and Political Rights, the United Nations Convention on Rights of a Child and the United Nations Convention against Torture. Apart from international law, the regional law is alike utilise to protect rights and it consists of home-group treaties such as the European Convention on Human Rights, the Afri washbowl Charter on Human and Peoples Rights and the American Convention on Human rights. other than this, there is also domestic law that also serve the aforesaid(prenominal) purpose as the international and regional laws. Many countries have their own domestic human rights legislation which sets out to protect the rights of the citizens. For example, the United nation has the Human Rights Act 1998 which came into force on 2nd October 2000.Looking at the points made above, it is clear to see that these laws support and implement human rights. Human rights are essential further without the law they have no corpo original values. According to Benthams theory he states that n atural rights are dewy-eyed nonsensicality natural and imprescriptible right, rhetorical non find- nonsense upon stilts.3 Bentham was stating that natural rights are nonsense be bring he believes that rights are things that cannot be seen and if these so called rights cannot be seen then the mankind of them is actually un cognize. He also goes further to explain that human rights are given to individuals by the sovereign because it is the sovereign that makes the laws and therefore the laws should back up human rights, so in essence human rights have to cost with the law or without it, it is valueless. In addition to this, human rights need to have laws to guide them so as to avoid intrusion upon individuals rights by the brass which may lead to conflict and dispute which could at last escalate to war. Furthermore international law can protect rights by the use of international trade. In international trade there are sanctions that are given to some countries that violate th e human rights laws and these are known as trade embargos, tariffs and quotas. An embargo is the complete prohibition against importing foreign effectives into the landed estate while the tariffs are taxes that are placed on imported effectuals in a country. The quotas are limits on the amount of a particular good that should be imported into a country. The embargo is the most reciprocally used sanction for states that go against the law and it has proven to be effective to a certain extent. The embargos are imposed by the UN or the EU examples of countries that have been embargoed from the United States are North Korea, Syria, Cuba, Iran, Somalia, Sudan and Libya. Although one can see that law is reliablely needed to protect human rights but international law can be criticised. International law is ineffective and inefficient to a certain extent because there are relieve reports on the infringement on human rights in different countries. An example is North Korea where human rights are being abused this shows that even with the existence of international law and the United Nations some countries can ignore the laws since it is non-legal limitation and a good example of international law is the UDHR (Universal Declaration of Human Rights). Apart from this, international law is difficult to enforce as a result of the non-legal bound factor and therefore this will prove a difficult line of work for the United Nations. Another demerit of international law is that some sanctions that are imposed on some countries do not affect them. The embargo which is a form of sanction does not affect some regnant countries because without trade these countries can still survive and grow with their resources.Human rights can also be valued without the implementation of the law Bentham explains that human rights are just ideas but nevertheless they are there and they are recognised by the United Nations. The knowledge of these rights has real values in the sense that t he citizens of a country can constrict the government into giving them their rights since they are aware of it. This act which can be viewed as climblion against the government can either be carried out by interest groups or pressure groups. The student room article explained that pressure groups are organized groups of people who come together, usually outside of the government, with a common cause with the intention of influencing government policy and public opinion.4 The statement above shows that pressure group are groups of individuals that come together to pursue a common interest in the society. Pressure group is essential in every democratic society because it represents and promotes the principle of freedom of livery and freedom of standoff inherent in democratic settings. Fagan states the expression of opinions and views is widely considered a fundamental attribute of individual freedom.5 Pressure groups adopt different methods to promote their interests and these are lobbying, campaign, strike, protest and boycott. One of the major benefits of pressure groups is that it promotes democratic principles of freedom of speech therefore allowing individuals to express their opinions. Apart from this, another benefit is that it promotes democratic principles of condemnation which indirectly checks the power of the government. However pressure groups have been known to be very destructive, especially during the period of direct action such as a protest and this can eventually lead to retrogression in the society. Not only can this happen but it can also lead to civil war whereby a considerable number of citizens will be killed. In addition to this, human rights that have no law to support them have its disadvantages. One of which is the fact that the government can still infringe on the citizens human rights even if they attempt to rebel against the government. An example of a country where such act can be seen is Syria in Syria a civil war has occurr ed because of the uprising against the regime of the death chair Bashar al- Assad in March 2011. The Syrian civil war is also a part of the Arab spring uprisings in the Middle East. The Arab spring can be said to be the media term for a revolutionary wave of tempestuous and non-violent demonstrations such as protest, riots and civil war in the Arab world. The Arab spring which is still a global issue in the modern world has also been able to prove that without law to protect human rights it has no real values.In conclusion, human rights have no real values without the law to protect it. Referring back to the points made, it can be seen that having the knowledge of these rights are not substantial because human rights abuse will still occur but if the law is implemented, human rights can still be protected to a certain limit showing that with law human rights have real values. 11 Wallace MM R. Martin- Ortega O, global LAW, 7TH EDITION, 2013, Sweet and Maxwell pg 2402 INTERNATIONA L LAW, www.oxforddictionaries.com accessed 19th February, 20143 George H. Smith, Jeremy Benthams attack on Natural rights, June 26 2012, www.libertarianism.org accessed eighteenth February, 20144 THE STUDENT ROOM, PRESSURE GROUP,www.thestudentroom.co.uk accessed 19th February, 20145 Fagan A, THE ATLAS OF HUMAN RIGHTS, Myriad editions, 2010, Earthscan Ltd, pg 40

New Labours Immigration Policy

late advertises in-migration PolicyA accounting on new labour in-migration constitution UKThe m other(a) of the following report is to provide a summary and analysis of UK in-migration insurance constitution under unseasoned advertize g everywherenments. The debates surrounding in-migration form _or_ system of establishment drive continued to cause policy-making controversy since bleak sweat came into power in 1997. revolutionary ram had hoped to speed up the in-migration process to be fairer to potential immigrants and psychiatric hospital seekers, whilst improving administrative ability, though it has faced problematicalies in achieving its aims. The report will assess the effectiveness or otherwise of immigration policy and all athletic fields of strengths and weaknesses will be examined. parvenu mash has found immigration policy a difficult argona to handle the reasons for such(prenominal) difficulty will be discussed in the report below. It must be mentioned that a couple of(prenominal) direct influences upon immigration policy be outside of the UK governments direct control. For instance, the expansion of the European concretion (EU) with its corresponding add-on in the image of slew that are handsome to enclose the country. Whilst increases in wars, civil wars, and repression by authoritarian regimes across the human race can often lead to more than state wishing to conduct creation or refugee status. un assay force and immigration policyImmigration policy has always been an issue that has been capable of producing controversy and debate deep cut back British politics and society, with the media sometimes world particularly influential. Policy is sometimes shaped or altered by that debate, and in the past has positive(p) governments that immigration policy has had to be completely changed. Since the early 1960s straight British governments had sought to limit immigration into the UK.1 advanced force ba ck was bully to make immigration policy fairer without encouraging higher levels of immigration. UK immigration policy was already faced with difficulties when New Labour came into office. Making decisions as to whether good deal were legal immigrants, illegal immigrants, refugees, or asylum seekers was a complicated process. The number of asylum seekers increase slowly but surely during the 1990s as a result of conflicts in the former Yugoslavia, Somalia, and Afghanistan, as well as other countries. The Conservatives tried to halt that increase by denying right of arouse and withdrawing social protective cover payments to failed asylum seekers.2New Labour reversed some of the Conservatives policies aimed at decrease immigration. For example, returning failed asylum seekers to their home countries if those countries were considered safe was no longer done automatically, and some of the restrictions with regard to social security payments were reduced. New Labour also reintrodu ced the right to stir for those that were refuse entry or conduce to remain in the UK. These initial reductions in immigration control abide to a great extent being reversed.3New Labours initial better-lookingisation of immigration policy was non destined to hold long. Whilst New Labour was reducing the UKs immigration controls other EU states, Germany and France in particular were increasing theirs. Tighter German and French immigration controls meant that that more asylum seekers came to the UK, which placed a strain on the immigration corpse and tested the resolve of New Labour to maintain its more liberal immigration policy. The immigration system was unable to cope with the volume of asylum seekers the appeal process was slow and caused a large backlog of cases hold to be decided. The problems with immigration policy were widely reported by the media and were used by both the Conservatives and the barren Democrats to criticise New Labour. New Labour responded by do it s immigration policy less liberal, attempting to improve the presidentship of the immigration system and by reducing the number of asylum seekers allowed into the country. New Labour was able to persuade the French government to close batch the Sangette Refugee Centre, which was close to the Eurotunnel terminal and allowed asylum seekers to get in to the UK. New Labour resorted to some of the measures foregoingly used by the Conservatives to restrict immigrants, such as sending failed asylum seekers back to the countries deemed to be safe, speeding up appeal times and qualification people appeal from afield.4 New Labour argued that curb immigration policy would help reduce support for extreme parties such as the British National Party that rich person received sound electoral support in areas like Burnley and Oldham.5The expansion of the EU has bear upon the immigration policy of New Labour. New member states citizens have rights to spurt and live in the UK. Citizens from Poland, the Czech Republic, and the Baltic States of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania, have immigrated to the UK to find work. formalized statistics surface that the Poles were the largest case groups of approved immigrants in 2004, with 26,600 being allowed into the UK.6 New Labour underestimated the number of people from eastern Europe that would enter the UK after their countries get together the EU, which prompted ministers to consider work permits for those people from Bulgaria and Romania who wished to come to the UK from January 2007.7An important part of New Labour immigration policy is attracting skillful and semi-skilled immigrants and their families into the UK. Firstly these workers are valued to fill skilled jobs, which means that they should be net contributors of tax and national insurance contributions. The controlled immigration of skilled workers adds to the UKs resources rather than pickings apart from them. Secondly, young skilled and semi-skilled workers a re encouraged to come to the UK to reduce the scotch consequences of an ageing population it is hoped that they will help to pay for the pensions, and public operate of everybody that lives in the UK. New Labour has select its immigration policy to scratch potential immigrants against a series of criteria that assess their skills for potential employers. Those workers that score the highest points are the people that find it easiest to gain entry into the UK.8 The terms of accession for the Eastern European states means that immigrants do not have to be skilled or semi-skilled workers to enter the UK. However, unskilled workers may find it more difficult to find long-term work and are perhaps more likely to need social security benefits.9 East European immigrant workers have, like previous immigrants, not found themselves welcomed by everyone, as some people see that they are taking away jobs from British workers. Immigrant workers are often fain to accept lower stipend, yet in many cases they are taking jobs that few British workers want.10Critics of New Labours immigration policy have argued that the UK received more immigrants due to fewer restrictions being in place, such as work permits and less entitlement to social security benefits. whatever also re put in that New Labour immigration policy is so ineffective that it hardly constitutes a policy at all. An example of New Labours inability to administer its immigration policy was the endurance of the junior minister Beverley Hughes over the fast tracking of visas.11 In 2005, alkali Secretary John Reid went as far as describing the Immigration and Nationalities directorate as not been fit for purpose due to its failure to present foreign prisoners after the completion of their sentences.12 There has certainly been frequent media reporting about current levels of immigration being unsustainable for the UKs health, education, and social security infrastructures. Some of these articles are well researched and plausible, whilst others amount to scare mongering. Former New Labour minister Frank playing area argues that the present rate of immigration into the UK is unsustainable, especially if the present net population gains continue at 2004 rates, or indeed if they increase which is possible due to Romania and Bulgaria joining the EU. Official figures record that 329,000 immigrants entered the UK from the new EU member states between 2004 and 2006. Field claims that such migration is producing the same of a new city of Birmingham every five eld.13These people that believe New Labour immigration policy has become too repressive argue that right wing media, pressure groups such as Migrationwatch UK, and the Conservatives have set the agenda over immigration. As with previous restrictions of immigration policy the fear that the Far Right might make electoral gains has been some other reason or excuse to restrict immigration.14 With the exception of a few isolated backb enchers the Labour party has accepted its leadership adoption of more restrictive immigration policy. For instance, New Labour MPs voted for the Immigration present 2002 which introduced detention centres for asylum seekers and the provision of citizenship lessons for those immigrants that were allowed to live in the UK. New Labour claimed that the new legislation restricted immigration, whilst protecting the human rights of asylum seekers. The acme was only passed because the government make concessions about the location of detention centres to the hearthstone of Lords.15 The Liberal Democrats have been the most vocal opponents of New Labour shifts in immigration policy. The Liberal Democrats believe that New Labour has failed to liberalise immigration policy and that claims that they wish to protect the human rights of asylum seekers or immigrants are just a sham. Former Home Secretary David Blunkett was certainly crazy about restricting New Labour immigration policy and redu cing the number of asylum seekers, a stance his successors will probably continue. The Liberal Democrats have even tried to complain to the Commission for Racial equating about what they claim is New Labours racist immigration policy.16Official statistics have shown declining rime of asylum seekers and higher numbers of people being returned to their countries of origin. Whereas antecedently New Labour made public declarations of making immigration policy fairer and less restrictive, it now shows figures depicting falling immigrant numbers that prove tighter and controls are working better.17Home maculation figures frequently show that 70% of asylum applications fail. It was just taking longer to turn down people when 18,000 applications, a quarter were being received, like the number of applications that were made in the archetypical quarter of 2002.18 The immigration that New Labour has tried to restrict differed from previous periods of immigration in that as would be immigra nts were not form the New Commonwealth countries but from Eastern Europe or from places such as Somalia and Afghanistan troubled by violence or the mutiny of their state.19New Labour claims that its immigration policy has started to deliver a fair, fast, and level system. The backlog in asylum and immigration applications meant that the government adopted pragmatic, as well as restrictive measures to speed up the immigration process and increase administrative efficiency. The first obvious measure was to celebrate potential asylum seekers reaching the UK in the first place, by securing ports and airports, as well as preventing boarding the Eurostar trains in France. Improving administrative efficiency was helped by employing some extra 2,000 people in spite of appearance the Home Office to deal with immigration work. Extra staff contributed to more than 84% of first decisions being made within two months of applications being received. The issuing of identicalness cards and the finger printing of all asylum seekers has allowed for more people being deported and fewer being able to remain illegally within the UK. Overall New Labour contends that the total of asylum applications has dropped by 70% since October 2002.20 New Labour believes that simplifying the appeals structure and making failed asylum seekers appeal from abroad has contributed to the fall in asylum applications. The Asylum and Immigration Tribunal that replaced the previously more complicated appeals system from 2005 is considered an important part of its drive towards increased administrative efficiency.21When it came to power New Labour had intended to liberalise immigration policy into the UK. If that liberalisation of immigration policy had been sustained it would have pronounced a break from the progressively restrictive policies of Conservative and Labour governments since the 1960s. The disposal of the immigration service had started to be strained in the last years of the Conservat ive government as worsening conditions in countries such as the former Yugoslavia, Somalia, and Afghanistan had led to more people seeking asylum. The liberalisation of immigration policy by New Labour inadvertently led to making the strain on the immigration service worse. Restoring the right of appeal to failed asylum seekers, the relaxation of restrictions to social security benefits when combined with a large increase in asylum applications made for a chaotic backlog in which the government seemed to lose control of immigration policy. New Labour had to buck pragmatic measures to end the backlog by making it harder for people to enter the UK illegally, and by employing more staff to deal with the backlog.New Labour had political reasons for reversing its liberalisation of immigration policy that carried more weight than practical reasons for restoring administrative control of the situation. New Labour despite its huge majorities in the 1997 and 2001 world-wide elections did n ot wish to lose electoral support to the Conservatives or other right wing parties like the BNP due to its immigration policy being considered too soft. New Labour did not set the agenda over immigration policy the Conservatives, pressure groups, and the media set it. More restrictive immigration policy and the effect of improved administrative practices helped to lower the number of asylum seekers from its peak in October 2002. However, for right wing critics of New Labour its immigration policy could never be restrictive enough, whilst for the Liberal Democrats and other odd wing critics New Labour has betrayed its promises of respecting the human rights of immigrants and asylum seekers for its own electoral gain. Perhaps the most contentious area of New Labour immigration policy relates to the immigration of people from the new member states of the EU. These people have greater rights to enter the UK than people from outside of the EU. The long term economic benefits or costs o f this migration are not yet clear, although the arrival of immigrants has not proved to be popular and has caused resentment about lower wages and the taking of jobs from British workers.The main recommendation from this report is that New Labour makes the administration of its immigration policy as efficient as possible. suffering organisation and lack of resources made the backlog of immigration cases worse. New Labour needs to commit enough well trained staff to run into its immigration policy has direction and works. New Labour should also collect accurate information regarding levels of immigration, and adjust its policy accordingly, as a government it should focus on effective policy rather than spin.BibliographyBright M, Wazir B, Flatt E, The observer December 1 2002 Onward march of lobby against immigrationCoxall B, Robins L Leach R (2003) Contemporary British government 4th edition, Palgrave, BasingstokeField F, day-after-day Mail 30th June 2006, Why are politician s ignoring the immigration timebomb? fisher cat J, Denver D, Benyon J, (2003) Central Debates in British Politics, Longman, LondonHume M, 2 April 2004 New Labours problem is disintegration, not immigration www.spiked-online.comKingdom J (2003) Government and Politics in Britain, An Introduction 3rd edition, Polity Press, CambridgeMoran M, (2005) Politic and Governance in the UK, Palgrave, BasingstokeSchott B, (2006) Schotts Almanac 2007, Bloomsbury, LondonThe defender, November 7 2002 Asylum bill becomes justnessWhitakers, (2007) Whitakers Almanack 2007 todays world in one volume, A C Black, LondonYoung H, (2003) supping with the Devils Political writing from Thatcher to Blair, Guardian Books, Londonwww.labour.org.uk Asylum and Immigration1Footnotes1 Fisher et al, (2003) p. 52 Young, (20030 p. 2303 Kingdom, (2003), p.1984 Young, (2003), p.2465 Kingdom, (2003), p.1986 Whitakers Almanack, (2007), p.187 www.labour.org.uk8 Moran, (2005) p. 499 Whitakers Almanack, (2007) p. 1810 Young (2003) p. 24611 Spiked-online.com, 2 April 200412 Schott, (2007) pp. 45-713 Frank Field, Daily Mail 30th June 200614 Bright et al, The Observer December 1 200215 The Guardian, November 7 200216 Kingdom, (2003), p.19817 Coxall et al, (2003), p.39418 Kingdom, (2003), p.19519 Coxall et al, (2003), p.2020 www.labour.org.uk21 Whitakers Almanack (2007) p. 344

Recommendations for Tuen Mun Landfill Expansion

Recommendations for Tuen Mun Landfill ExpansionMan Sum Yi, Annieurban Planning Principles and PracticesTo Principal Town plannerFrom Assistant Town Planner (MAN Sum Yi Annie)Subject Recommendation to Tuen Mun landfill intricacyLandfill is being regarded as bingle of the local anestheticly unsought land uses (LULUs) (Popper, 1981), and sitting of LULUs often causes heated regard among the society (Lai et al., 2007). According to the prediction made by the Legislative Council (2013), the westmost New Territories (WENT) landfill in Tuen Mun is expected to be exhausted in 2019. The quicken exhaustion of landfill in Hong Kong catches our attention, and this planning problem requires immediate response from the authorities and urban planners. Even though major opposition is held by Tuen Mun residents, the fate of WENT landfill expansion merchantmannot be denied, in the view of surging prodigality fill and the former(a) waste charge strategies be not ready yet. In this memo, the crux of the landfill expansion problem willing first be discussed, followed by recommended policy actions and justifications in gaining support to the plan.Crux of WENT landfill expansion problem remove location of landfills remains as a big challenge to planners. The pass of landfill expansion is particularly signifi raiset in Hong Kong because of limited land and high-pitched population density (Woo, 2010). Moreover, the common does not trust the administration in siting locally throwaway(prenominal) land uses (Lam Woo, 2009 Woo, 2010). There is a major predicament between environmental umpire and urgency in discussion waste. condescension the fact that the government is working on other waste management strategies, such as the getd waste charge, food waste recycling confederation scheme and the new incinerator (environmental shelter Department, 2014), landfill extension is still necessary to bring off the remaining 10,000 tonnes of waste which require disposa l every day (Legislative Council, 2013). Fuelled by increasing population and rapid economic development, the amount of waste lots is expected to surge continuously. Tuen Mun residents are concerned about the unfavorable impacts upset their living environment, which includes odors, health impacts, common hygiene, and the declining local image. Furthermore, Tuen Mun residents challenged the government decision that environmental nicety is infringed as Tuen Mun is currently home to many LULUs (Lam Woo, 2009). As discussed in the previous memo, domain perception, alternative policies and sustainability of landfills are the three main reasons hampering cosmos support towards the expansion plan. Therefore, in this memo, recommendations are made on the reason to gain human race acceptance.Recommended policy actionsAn open and participatory approach is recommended in that location are four recommended policy actions to increase public acceptance and gaining public trust. They in clude evaluating the expansion plan, minimizing disturbance to Tuen Mun residents, showing commitment and involving the public.First, planners scum bag pass judgment the whole expansion plan once again, in terms of outdistance from residents and the extended area. Planners bunghole examine the possibility of reducing the expansion area. A smaller expansion area will be more unobjectionable to residents, as their social tariff in handling waste will be smaller. 67.95% of interviewed Tuen Mun residents perceived the landfill expansion as a need for Hong Kong, go only 12.5% perceived it as a local need in a survey conducted (Lam Woo, 2009). The government hatful increase education and promotion, in order to allow the public to understand the urgency of the problem.Second, planners abide propose expressive styles to minimize nuisance brought to the residences in Tuen Mun. The design of garbage motortruck can be im fired and the leakage problem of waste irrigate should be st rictly controlled. Planting greenbelts around the expanded landfill is another suggestion, which can act as a separation between the landfill and local residents. Planners can explore the other ways in transporting waste, for example using sea transport, so that disturbance during waste transportation can be reduced. Streets can be cleaned more frequently within Tuen Mun hence pests and insects can be eliminated.Third, the government should show commitment to the public, demonstrate that they will shoulder the responsibility in waste management. The government can present a timeline in municipal waste diminution and set coherent term reduction goals. Tuen Mun residents expressed that the pollution problem arose from landfill extension was their top concern (Lam Woo, 2009). An blood quality monitoring station can be set up in Tuen Mun, monitoring the amount of toxic gases and the general air quality. This can increase the confidence of Tuen Mun residents towards the landfill exp ansion and better protect health of residents. terminal but not least, the government should be more sensitive to local concerns and engage public in the decision-making function. Rather than stipend strategies, greater public participation is more effective in persuading local residents (Lam Woo, 2009). Government can foster trust building by increasing transparency and extension time for the consultation period. The government should show respect to the views of different stakeholders. The government can adopt residents suggestions towards the expansion plan, and promote better communication with residents and the Tuen Mun regularise Council.Justifications to recommended actionsIndeed, achieving environmental justice is always easier said than done. The concept of environmental justice refers to the equal share of burden of responsibility (Levy, 2011) in handling waste. During the process of decision making, fair treatment and meaningful involvement of the public is being con sidered as elements of environmental justice. environmental injustice can be seen finished the concentration of costs and risks of LULUs on a particular population (Been, 1993). all(prenominal) district in Hong Kong has its own function, and functions of districts are determined by locational factors. Although most Tuen Mun residents call for the respect towards environmental justice, fair siting of LULUs among all districts is extremely backbreaking and impractical. Proper siting of landfill requires the consideration of environmental, technical and social factors, and the wind direction is specially primary(prenominal). In order to persuade residents to accept the expansion plan, the government should prove that Tuen Mun is a legitimate and reasonable choice, as well as minimizing impacts brought to residents.The last goal of the WENT landfill expansion is to achieve comprehensive planning, in which health, safety and public welfare are taken into consideration. Comprehens ive planning refers to the plan that can guide the development of the entire community in a long term (Levy, 2011). Evaluation of the extension plan and minimization of disturbance even out governments consideration of the affected residents. The above suggested policy actions are able to establish trust between the public and the government, as the views of Tuen Mun residents are being considered and taken into account. An open and participatory approach in handling LULUs is crucial, as the public is being involved. Compensation measure is not recommended because economic loss is not one of the concerns of the affected residents (Lam Woo, 2009). Moreover, the effectiveness of monetary compensation has been questioned (Jenkins-Smith Kunreuther, 2005).ConclusionThe urgency waste problem is less significant than other pollution problems since it does not directly affect daily lives of Hong Kong citizens. In profit to other waste management policies, the proposed WENT landfill expa nsion plan is the best way to handle municipal solid waste. The government and planners play the most important role in promoting this expansion plan. In response to the strong local opposition, four recommendations are made, which include evaluating the expansion plan, minimizing disturbance, showing commitment and involving the public. Environmental justice is in fact difficult to be achieved in reality, so planners should focus on ways to gain public acceptance trance formulating policy actions. The above suggested ways are feasible because views of Tuen Mun residents are taken into account and they are involved in the decision-making process. All in all, the government should be committed to execute other reduction goals while promoting the expansion plan, and the persuasiveness of the plan will be increased.ReferencesBooksLevy, John M. (2011). Contemporary urban Planning, ninth edition, Upper Saddle River, Prentice Hall.Jenkins-Smith, H.C. and Kunreuther, H. (2005). Mitigation and benefits measures as policy tools for siting potentially hazardous facilities determinants of effectiveness and appropriateness. In S.H. Lesbirel and D. Shaw, eds. Managing conflict in installment siting an international comparison. Cheltenham, UK Edward Elgar, 6384.Journal articlesBeen, V. (1993). Whats fairness got to do with it? Environmental justice and the siting of locally undesirable land uses.Cornell L. Rev.,78, 1001.Lam, K.C. Woo, L.Y. (2009). Public perception of locally unwanted facilities in Hong Kong Implications for conflict resolution. Local Environment, 14(9), 851-869.Lai, P.W. et al. (2007). Siting and community response to locally unwanted land uses a literature review. Hong Kong Centre for Environmental Policy and preference Management, Department of Geography and Resource Management, The Chinese University of Hong Kong.Popper, F.J. (1981). Sitting LULUs. Planning, Vol. 47, 4 pp.12-15.Woo, L. Y. (2010).Trust and public perception Insights for facility siti ng in Hong Kong(Order No. 3483306). Available from ProQuest Dissertations Theses AI. (902185449). Retrieved from http//search.proquest.com/docview/902185449?accountid=14548Website materialsEnvironmental Protection Department (2014). Food Waste Recycling Partnership Scheme. Retrieved from http//www.epd.gov.hk/epd/english/environmentinhk/waste/prob_solutions/owt_food.htmlLegislative Council (2013). Environmental Infrastructure Projects. The Legislative Council Panel on Environmental Affairs. CB(1)1079/12-13(01) Retrieved from http//www.legco.gov.hk/yr12-13/english/panels/ea/papers/ea0527cb1-1079-1-e.pdf

Reflective Essay on depression and mental illness

Reflective Essay on slump and noetic indisposition falloff is the commonest mental unwellness in the world save provided a few basis tell you what exactly it is. roughly muckle outhouse well enough to recognise signs and symptoms of heart attack, diabetes, knocker cancer and umpteen more medical conditions. This statement is non only true for the general population, medical practician argon no exclusion. more a(prenominal) antithetical impression, perception and thought active notion from one someone to another person, from one culture to another culture and from one speckle to another graze. For me what is common throughout the world about this mental illness is ignorant. No wonder why John Kirwan, former New Zealand tout ensemble Black rugby player, now rugby coach, recently said about his imprintBeating that was the hardest thing I had to do in my life. I didnt have a clue what was wrong with me, nor did lots of the doctors I saw. I finally found a doctor who really got it, understood. Thats what you need. There argon so many preconceptions out there about mental illness. in the first place I divulge this psychiatry module about a course ago, I like many of my friends thought that falling off is not so common and it is actually not an illness of any kind. and subsequently fill outing that approximately about 20% of women and 12% of men planetary suffer from depression1, which is higher than prevalence of other common disease much(prenominal) as diabetes where worldwide prevalence is about 2.8% in year 20002, it alternates my panoramas on depression. Interestingly even though depression is very common I r atomic routine 18ly encounter any diligent who was diagnosed with depression during my medical and running(a) attachment. I only saw one patient with depression for the whole attachment. This totally contradicts with what I learn where prevalence for depression among patient in hospital is about 10%1.This serves me th ink why such a gap occurs between what I learn and what I encounter in a real world. I began to head myself in lots of different ways in order to answer this question. I start looking for back to myself first how my perception toward depression before I learn about this mental illness. I was clue slight about depression. I employ to have perception that depression has the same meaning to sadness. Depression is a normal thing to happen to someone that encounter unfortunate impression in their life. I never k saucy depression is a mental illness that needs to be diagnosed and treated accordingly. I never heard quite a little went to a doctor because they feel their life miserable and I in like manner never heard a doctor prescribing a medication to patient because of depression. That was me before I learn this psychiatry module.Majority people in my res publica, Malaysia, have the same perception like me. There never knew that depression is a mental illness where it has specifi c criteria to diagnose and need to be treated accordingly like other disease. Why it is like this? In my opinion this is very much related to how culture in my country which is eastern culture where a lot of people turn over in mysticism. Even though studyity of them will seek medical practitioner when they get other physical illness precisely when it come to the illness related to mood, feeling or behaviour where there is no plain physical pain, they prefer to go to shaman or spiritual healer. They believe some other spirit atomic number 18 harming and controlling their inner self. Although many of them are Muslim where they shouldnt believe in such away but a very long history of mysticism in that infract of the world has made it hard to be washed away from people perception. This is the perception about depression in this realm of the world.Here in Ireland or in the western culture, I find peoples perception toward depression is quite different. Many of people here know th e depression is part of mental illness. However a lot of them as other place in the world dont know what exactly we called depression as a mental illness. If they do get depression they dont know to whom they should consult, how to deal with it and what the discussion option are available. Not many advertisements about the illness can be found out there in the public. Apart from that depression as other mental illness carry some injury in the community here. Stigma that there is no cure for the depression, the first base-spirited person will never come back to normal and they are dangerous to public.It seems clear to me that many factors why people are less likely to seek medical attention when they have depression. As many as two thirds of the people with depression do not ascertain that they have a treatable illness and do not seek discourse3. wishing of knowledge together with misconception what exactly the depression is unable people to bang and determine whether they ar e having depression or something else. As bad as ignorant about the disease itself, people dont know what to do when they know they have depression. Stigma that surrounding the depression as well as contribute to this phenomenon. The usher for this is clearly stated in the conclusion of the research done by Lisa J. Barney et al where they wrote self- and perceived-stigmatizing responses to help-seeking for depression are prevalent in the community and are associated with reluctance to seek professional help4.Then I start to question myself it is only because of the public that do not seek medical treatment that contribute to the under diagnose of depression or there are others factor determine it. When I read an article title Depression over and under diagnosed in primary care4, it make me realise that well-nigh GPs have difficulty in diagnosing depression. According to the article a meta-analysis of more than 50,000 patients has shown that general practitioners (GPs) have great difficulty separating those with and without depression, with substantial numbers pool of missed and misidentified cases of depression5. Doctors in the primary care is the first medical person that patient will come and complaint about their depression symptoms. However if most of these doctors fail to recognise and diagnose it, this will bring the number of undiagnosed depression further up.Why is this happen? Why depression is so common to be unrecognised even by a doctor? I dont know the exact reason but for me may be because of the symptom of depression is a lot and varies from one person to another person make it harder to diagnose. According to the DSM-IV-TR diagnostic criteria for a major depressive episode allow ins at least 5 of the symptoms which are low mood, anhedonia, material weight loss, insomnia, loss of energy, psychomotor agitation, feeling worthlessness, low concentration and repeated thoughts of death for the same 2-week period, representing a change from pre vious functioning, must include either low mood or anhedonia1.Apart from this criteria patient also present with atypical presentation where major depressive disorder may not initially present. In primary setting patient with depression frequently come with symptoms such as fatigue, headache, abdominal discomfort or change in weight1. Patients can become more irritable rather than low mood or sad. Initial symptoms of depression in children is harder to recognise and can be misleading as the children may present with irritability, decline in school performance or social withdrawal1. Misdiagnose depression in patients in primary care will lead to inappropriate treatment and poorer outcomes6.In term of treatment of depression, I learnt about biopsychosocial approach which is for me is very remarkable module of treatment. This type of treatment helps to tackle each aspect of the depression including brain pathophysiology, psychological state and social circumstances of the patient. Fo r most patients with loco to moderate depression psychotherapy (cognitive behavioural therapy, interpersonal therapy) is the treatment of choice. However, the have approach with medication generally provides the patient with the quickest and most sustain response1. Usually, antidepressant medication such as SSRIs is used for severe depression.In conclusion, learning psychiatry module has change a lot of my perspective toward depression and mental illness generally. It has exposed me to a different and new perception in this topic. Before this I see depression as something that not important to diagnose and treat but now I see depression as a very serious illness that can lead to fatality if left untreated. I will make sure that in the future, I always put depression as part of my differential diagnosis for most medical or running(a) cases that I encounter as a doctor.

Alzheimers Disease: Biology, Etiology and Solutions

Alzheimers Disease biota, Etiology and Solutions approachAlzheimers sickness (AD) is a type of hallucination characterized by the progressive blemish in cognitive operate on due to neurode ingredientration that results in gradual retentiveness loss and eventually the inability to carry out tasks of daily living. The deuce types of AD are distinguished by age of onset and etiologies early-onset AD directs prior to age 65 and has strong genetic associations while advanced-onset AD develops after age 65 with a much complex etiology. Late-onset AD accounts for 90-95% of AD cases (Harman 2002). Aging is a strong take chances factor for underdeveloped late-onset AD. Given that the global population of people ages 65 and up is anticipate to increase from 26.6 million in 2006 to 106.8 million by 2050 (Brookmeyer et al. 2007) AD is a growing public health concern in regards to affection heed and learning of innovative words. The prevalence of AD globally is 4.4%, with 1 in 10 p eople all over age 65 and nearly three some(prenominal) of people over age 85 affected by dementia in developed countries (Qiu et al. 2009). AD prevalence is the greatest in atomic number 99 Asia, followed by Western Europe, South Asia, and North America (Prince et al. 2015). Disease slant is anticipated to be the greatest in low and middle-income countries with the fastest result in the elderly population and limited access to care (Prince et al. 2015). By 2050, the U.S. population of adults with AD is projected to increase to 13.2 million. With 43% of AD patients requiring a high level of care, the financial and healthcare burden of AD is expect to rise (Qiu et al. 2009). Given that the burden of AD will increase over the coming decades with costly impacts on health care and social services, it is indispens sufficient to continue AD research to identify a elbow grease and develop reinvigorated therapies. EtiologyAlzheimers complaint is a multifactorial disease with severa l(prenominal) genetic, person, and liveliness style jeopardy of infection factors that contri entirelye to development of disease. Although many jeopardy factors for AD have been identified a practice has not provided been pitch. Of the genetic luck factors identified, apolipoprotein E alleles, with ethnic and sex variability in happen of developing AD, and TREM2 gene renewings have the strongest associations with AD. Lifestyle riskiness factors complicate hypertension, obesity, diabetes, and education. The development of AD requires a combination of these risk factors that induce the output signal of neuro unhealthful amyloid beta (A) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), the agents of AD. Apolipoprotein E (apoE) has been identified as play a fiber in AD pathology. ApoE is naturally produced and is involved in lipid persuade (Ridge et al. 2013 2018 Feb 27). In AD it is thought that apoE regulation of A is altered (Kanekiyo et al. 2014). There are three apoE alleles t hat differ in the risk they confer to AD the 2 and 3 alleles are protective precisely the 4 allele increases risk for AD (Ridge et al. 2013). Additionally, it appears that ethnicity modulates the risk of AD conferred by the apoE 4 allele, conferring greater risk among Caucasians and Japanese than Afri bottomland Americans and Hispanics (Ridge et al., 2013). The apoE 4 allele is an established risk factor for the development of AD however it is not causative and the risk that carrying this gene confers is likely modulated by early(a) factors such as ethnicity and lifestyle. Mutations in the TREM2 gene have also been regard in AD pathology. The TREM2 gene codes for a sensory receptor expressed in myeloid cells, the principal innate immune cell in the soul (Hickman and El Khoury 2014) and in greater abundance in the hippocampus and neocortex, head word structures affected by neurodegeneration in AD (Guerreiro et al. 2013 Jan 9). A rare missense mutation in the TREM2 gene was ide ntified in Islanders that confers significant risk of AD (Jonsson et al. 2013 Jan 9) and a loss of function mutation increases the risk of late-onset AD in heterozygous carriers (Hickman and El Khoury 2014). This loss of function mutation promotes the production of A and reduces A phagocytosis and degradation (Hickman and El Khoury 2014). In addition to the genetic risk factors discussed above, several lifestyle risk factors for AD have been identified including cardiovascular risk factors and obesity. Cardiovascular risk factors (smoking, hypertension, high cholesterol, and diabetes) in mid-life are associated with a 20-40% increase risk of AD in a dose-dependent fashion (Whitmer et al. 2005). high blood pressure that develops in mid-life and persists into late-life is associated with a greater risk of dementia (McGrath et al. 2017). Furtherto a greater extent, the risk of hypertension for AD in late-life might be influenced by sex, with females having a 65% increased risk of deve loping dementia if hypertensive in mid-life but no such association among males (Gilsanz et al. 2017). Midlife insulin resistance is also a risk factor for A accumulation (Ekblad et al. 2018 Feb 23) and patients with diabetes and the apoE 4 allele have more A plaques and NFTs in the wittiness (Peila et al. 2002). fleshiness is linked to AD via several single-nucleotide polymorphisms (Hinney et al. 2014). In people who are corpulent, leptin and adiponectin lose their neuroprotective role as the head word becomes resistant to leptin and the levels of adiponectin decrease (Letra et al. 2014). Research conducted by Nuzzo et al. (2015) further supports this association, finding that obese mice fed a high-fat fare had elevated A accumulation. Addressing these modifiable risk factors in mid-life may help reduce the risk of developing AD in late-life. Higher educational attainment and continued cognitive input signal in later life are protective against AD. Amieva et al. (2014) found that individuals with AD who had education beyond 6 years of primary school showed slow down cognitive freeze off before diagnosis compared to individuals with less education. Participating in cognitive leisure activities in late-life, like reading books, newspapers, and magazines, solving crossword puzzles, and attending courses and professional training, has a protective effect as closely (Sattler et al. 2012). Higher educational attainment may be associated with reduced risk of AD and delayed cognitive tumble if AD develops because of its association with increased hippocampi and amygdalae coat. In individuals with AD, the hippocampi are big in those who had 20 years of courtly education compared to those with 6 years (Shpanskaya et al. 2014). The role of education in hippocampal size is further implicated by Tang, Varma, miller, and Carlson (2017) who found that the left hippocampus is larger than the right, possibly due to education honing retrieval of verbal memory by the left hippocampus through increasing intellectual ability and literacy skills. BiologyAlzheimers disease results in the progressive loss of neurons in the cerebrum. The low structures affected are the hippocampi followed by the amygdala (Pini et al. 2016). As the disease progresses so does neuronal loss throughout the cerebrum. In AD, A peptides and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) formed by tau protein cause synaptic damage that leads to apoptosis. Additionally, the innate immune frame in the brain does not function properly in AD and in that locationfore does not remove A peptides before they aggregate to form plaques. granular beta is naturally produced in the brain by the cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP), but when APP is cleaved by -secretase A peptides are formed that can cause synaptic and mitochondrial damage and aggregate to form plaques (Querfurth and LaFerla 2010). In reasoning(a) individuals, A peptides are cleared by microglia and enzymes but these me chanisms deteriorate in individuals with AD and the A peptides accumulate and result in neurodegeneration (Sarlus and Heneka 2017). A plaques cause neuronal cell death by accumulating around neurons, impairing standard function and inducing an inflammatory response. More attention recently has been given to A peptides, which lead to apoptosis in neurons through synaptic damage and forbiddance of mitochondrial function. A peptides cause synaptic damage in the hippocampus by aggregating and creating pores in the cell membranes that conquers calcium ion entry into the cell. Over time, these pores become non-selective and allow flux of large molecules like adenosine triphosphate and glucose that alters cell metabolism and disrupts homeostasis resulting in apoptosis ( family linelveda et al. 2014). A also produces reactive oxygen species that initiate aerophilous stress which leads to mitochondria in the cell releasing cytochrome C and inducing apoptosis (Querfurth and LaFerla 2010). Both A peptides and APP can enter the mitochondria where they disrupt the electron transport chain and ATP production (Caspersen et al. 2005 Reddy and Beal 2008). Synapses are sites of high mitochondrial activity because ATP is demand for neurotransmitter release (Reddy and Beal 2008), so inhibition of mitochondrial activity by A also results in synaptic damage. NFTs are intracellular aggregations of hyperphosphorylated tau protein and also cause neurodegeneration. Tau protein is a component of the cytoskeleton of neural cells but when hyperphosphorylated tau proteins have an affinity for themselves and destabilise the cytoskeleton (Iqbal et al. 2005 Spillantini and Goedert 2013). Tau protein is phosphorylated by glycogen synthase kinase -3 (GSK-3) (Rankin et al. 2007) which can be activated by A peptides (Takashima 2006). Tau protein mediates synaptic damage by inhibiting extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling that is key in cell survival ( cheerfulness et al. 201 6). ApproachesCurrent discourse of AD relies on two types of medications acetylcholine esteraseinhibitors (AChEIs) and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists.AChEIs work by slowing the degradation of acetylcholine (ACh) by inhibitingacetylcholine esterase which allows more ACh action at the synapses (Nelson and Tabet 2015).When cholinergic neurons are lost during the course of AD, ACh price reduction andreceptor signaling are reduced (Auld et al. 2002). AChEIs are most utile in slowing progression of cognitive decline in daft to moderate casesand less effective in severe AD (Gillette-Guyonnet et al. 2011).Memantine is an NMDA receptor antagonist (Tariot et al. 2004) that helps mitigate theloss of NMDA receptor function due to A peptides (Snyder et al. 2005). Memantine is noteffective for mild cases of AD (Nelson and Tabet 2015)but it is effective in moderate to severe cases, especially when used incombination with AChEIs (Tariot et al. 2004). AlthoughAChEIs and NMDA rec eptor antagonists are the reliable pharmacological give-and-takesavailable for AD, they are only able to slow the progression of the disease andlose effectiveness as AD progresses. The challenge in designing a drug toprevent or cure AD is the multifactorial nature of the disease with genetic andlifestyle risk factors. Even when non-pharmacologic interventions (controllingblood pressure, cognitive stimulation therapy, healthy diet and exercise, andmaintaining social networks) (Nelson and Tabet 2015)are used as part of a general treatment plan and initiated early indisease progression, the best that current treatments can offer is to slow thenatural progression of the disease With ADprevalence expected to increase worldwide across all races and ethnicities, the glossiness of diverse populations is an important consideration when designingintervention strategies. Social and frugal barriers that prevent access tohealth care and social services among different populations need to be understood to identify and implement the best treatment specific to thatpopulation. Cultures also differ in how they view AD-related cognitive declineand may consider the memory loss a part of normal aging and therefore delayseeking treatment. An awareness of how cognitive decline in older age isdefined culturally, how cultures differ in caring for the elderly, and howbarriers to AD care services impacts each cultures picking of treatment is keyto developing successful interventions. Proposed SolutionsThe greatestchallenge in developing treatment for AD that can prevent AD development orprogression is that a specific cause has not barely been identified. However,recent research has identified new pharmacologic targets involved in theproduction of A and new therapies to reduce A and tau pathology. Research by Hu, Das, Hou, He, and Yan (2018)identified the -secretase BACE1 as a potential pharmacological target for thetreatment of AD. In a mouse stupefy of AD in adults with BACE1 i nhibition, it was notice that synaptic function improved and A plaque formation was prevented.Although some clinical trials of BACE1 inhibitors have stalled, with Merckstopping its clinical trial of verubecestat in February 2018 (Merck 2018), there is still hope ofdeveloping pharmacologic treatments targeting A and tau proteins (Amgen 2017). A noveltherapeutic approach being researched is the use of optogenetic stimulation toreduce A and tau phosphorylation. Using a light flickering at 40 hertz, (Iaccarino et al. 2016)found they could stimulate brain waves called gamma oscillations in a mousemodel of AD and observed reduced A plaque formation and tau phosphorylation. Thismay lead to new non-invasive AD therapies, but more research is needed toinvestigate its effectiveness in humans. With treatmentapproaches that target the production of toxic A and abnormal tauphosphorylation, it is conceivable that in the future we may be better able toprevent and stop the progression of AD. Refere ncesAmgen. 2017 Nov 2. Amgenand novartis announce grow collaboration with banner alzheimers institutein pioneering prevention program. Amgen. accessed 2018 Mar 19.http//www.amgen.com/media/news-releases/2017/11/amgen-and-novartis-announce-expanded-collaboration-with-banner-alzheimers-institute-in-pioneering-prevention-program/.Amieva H, Mokri H, LeGoff M, Meillon C, Jacqmin-Gadda H, Foubert-Samier A, Orgogozo J-M, Stern Y,Dartigues J-F. 2014. Compensatory mechanisms in higher-educated subjects withAlzheimers disease a workplace of 20 years of cognitive decline. Brain13711671175. APOE gene. 2018 Feb 27.US Natl Libr Med. accessed 2018 Mar 5. https//ghr.nlm.nih.gov/gene/APOE.Auld DS, Kornecook TJ,Bastianetto S, Quirion R. 2002. Alzheimers disease and the basal forebraincholinergic system relations to -amyloid peptides, cognition, and treatmentstrategies. Prog Neurobiol. 68209245. Brookmeyer R, Johnson E,Ziegler-whole wheat flour K, Arrighi HM. 2007. Forecasting the global burden ofAl zheimers disease. Alzheimers Dement. J. Alzheimers Assoc. 3186191. Caspersen C, Wang N, YaoJ, Sosunov A, subgenus Chen X, Lustbader JW, Xu HW, Stern D, McKhann G, Yan SD. 2005.Mitochondrial Abeta a potential focal capitulum for neuronal metabolic dysfunctionin Alzheimers disease. FASEB J. 1920402041. Ekblad LL, Johansson J,Helin S, Viitanen M, Laine H, Puukka P, Jula A, Rinne JO. 2018 Feb 23. Midlifeinsulin resistance, APOE genotype, and late-life brain amyloid accumulation.clinical neurology10.1212/WNL.0000000000005214. Gillette-Guyonnet S,Andrieu S, Nourhashemi F, Gardette V, Coley N, Cantet C, Gauthier S, OussetP-J, Vellas B. 2011. Long-term progression of Alzheimers disease in patientsunder antidementia drugs. Alzheimers Dement J Alzheimers Assoc. 7579592. Gilsanz P, Mayeda ER,Glymour MM, Quesenberry CP, Mungas DM, DeCarli C, Dean A, Whitmer RA. 2017.Female sex, early-onset hypertension, and risk of dementia. Neurology8918861893. Guerreiro R, Wojtas A,Bras J, Carrasquillo M, Ro gaeva E, Majounie E, Cruchaga C, Sassi C, Kauwe JSK,Younkin S, et al. 2013. TREM2 variants in Alzheimers disease. N Engl J Med.368117-127Harman D. 2002.Alzheimers disease Role of aging in pathogenesis. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci.959384395. Hickman SE, El Khoury J.2014. TREM2 and the neuroimmunology of Alzheimers disease. Biochem Pharmacol.88495498. Hinney A, Albayrak O,Antel J, Volckmar A-L, Sims R, Chapman J, Harold D, Gerrish A, Heid IM, WinklerTW, et al. 2014. hereditary variation at the CELF1 (CUGBP, elav-like family member1 gene) locus is genome-wide associated with Alzheimers disease and obesity. Am J MedGenet B Neuropsychiatr Genet. 165B(4)283-93Hu X, Das B, Hou H, HeW, Yan R. 2018. BACE1 snub in the adult mouse reverses preformed amyloiddeposition and improves cognitive functions. J Exp Med. jem.20171831Iaccarino HF, Singer AC,Martorell AJ, Rudenko A, Gao F, Gillingham TZ, Mathys H, Seo J, Kritskiy O,Abdurrob F, et al. 2016. Gamma frequency entrainment attenuates amyloid loadand modifies microglia. Nature 540230. Iqbal K, del C. AlonsoA, Chen S, Chohan MO, El-Akkad E, Gong C-X, Khatoon S, Li B, Liu F, Rahman A,et al. 2005. Tau pathology in Alzheimer disease and other tauopathies. BiochimBiophys Acta. 1739(2-3)198210. Jonsson T, Stefansson H,Steinberg S, Jonsdottir I, Jonsson PV, Snaedal J, Bjornsson S, Huttenlocher J,Levey AI, Lah JJ, et al. 2013. adaptation of TREM2 associated with the risk ofAlzheimers disease. N Engl J Med. 368107-116Kanekiyo T, Xu H, Bu G.2014. ApoE and A in Alzheimers disease accidental encounters or partners?Neuron 81740754. Letra L, Santana I,Seia R. 2014. Obesity as a risk factor for Alzheimers disease the role ofadipocytokines. Metab Brain Dis. 29563568. McGrath ER, Beiser AS,DeCarli C, Plourde KL, Vasan RS, Greenberg SM, Seshadri S. 2017. Blood pressurefrom mid to late life and risk of incident dementia. Neurology8924472454. Merck. 2018 Feb 13.Merck announces discontinuation of APECS study evaluating verubecestat(MK-8931) for th e treatment of people with prodromal Alzheimers disease.MERCK. accessed 2018 Mar 19.http//www.mrknewsroom.com/news-release/research-and-development-news/merck-announces-discontinuation-apecs-study-evaluating-ve.Nelson L, Tabet N. 2015.Slowing the progression of Alzheimers disease what works? Ageing Res. Rev.23193209. Nuzzo D, Picone P,Baldassano S, Caruana L, Messina E, Marino Gammazza A, Cappello F, Mul F, DiCarlo M. 2015. Insulin resistance as common land molecular denominator linking obesityto Alzheimers disease. Curr Alzheimer Res. 12723735.Peila R, Rodriguez BL,Launer LJ. 2002. Type 2 diabetes, APOE gene, and the risk for dementia andrelated pathologies the Honolulu-Asia aging study. Diabetes. 5112561262. Pini L, Pievani M,Bocchetta M, Altomare D, Bosco P, Cavedo E, Galluzzi S, Marizzoni M, FrisoniGB. 2016. Brain atrophy in Alzheimers disease and aging. Ageing Res Rev.302548. Prince M, Wimo A, Guerchet M, Ali G-C, Wu Y-T, Prina M. 2015. initiation Alzheimer Report 2015 The gl obal impact of dementia An analysis of prevalence, incidence, cost and trends. accessed 2018 present 18Qiu C, Kivipelto M, vonStrauss E. 2009. Epidemiology of Alzheimers disease occurrence, determinants,and strategies toward intervention. Dialogues Cli. Neurosci. 11111128.Querfurth HW, LaFerlaFM. 2010. Alzheimers Disease. N Engl J Med. 362329344. Rankin CA, Sun Q,Gamblin TC. 2007. Tau phosphorylation by GSK-3 promotes tangle-like filamentmorphology. gram molecule Neurodegener. 212. Reddy PH, Beal MF. 2008.Amyloid beta, mitochondrial dysfunction and synaptic damage implications forcognitive decline in aging and Alzheimers disease. Trends Mol Med. 144553. Ridge PG, Ebbert MTW,Kauwe JSK. 2013. Genetics of Alzheimers disease. BioMed Res Int. 2013254-954.Sarlus H, Heneka MT.2017. Microglia in Alzheimers disease. J. Clin Invest. 12732403249. Sattler C, Toro P,Schnknecht P, Schrder. 2012. Cognitive activity, education and socioeconomicstatus as burden factors for mild cognitive impairme nt and Alzheimersdisease. Psychiatry Res. 1969095.Seplveda FJ, Fierro H,Fernandez E, Castillo C, Peoples RW, Opazo C, Aguayo LG. 2014. Nature of theneurotoxic membrane actions of amyloid- on hippocampal neurons in Alzheimersdisease. Neurobiol Aging. 35472481. Shpanskaya KS, ChoudhuryKR, Hostage C, Murphy KR, Petrella JR, Doraiswamy PM. 2014. Educationalattainment and hippocampal atrophy in the Alzheimers disease neuroimaging initiativecohort. J Neuroradiol. 41350357. Snyder EM, Nong Y,Almeida CG, Paul S, Moran T, Choi EY, Nairn AC, Salter MW, Lombroso PJ, GourasGK, et al. 2005. decree of NMDA receptor trafficking by amyloid-. NatNeurosci. 810511058. Spillantini MG, GoedertM. 2013. Tau pathology and neurodegeneration. Lancet Neurol. 12609622.Sun X-Y, Tuo Q-Z,Liuyang Z-Y, Xie A-J, Feng X-L, Yan X, Qiu M, Li S, Wang X-L, Cao F-Y, et al.2016. Extrasynaptic NMDA receptor-induced tau overexpression mediates neuronaldeath through suppressing survival signaling ERK phosphorylation. Cell d evastationDis. 7(11)e2449. Takashima A. 2006. GSK-3is essential in the pathogenesis of Alzheimers disease. J Alzheimers Dis. 9309317.Tang X, Varma VR, MillerMI, Carlson MC. 2017. Education is associated with sub-regions of thehippocampus and the amygdala vulnerable to neuropathologies of Alzheimersdisease. Brain Struct Funct. 22214691479. Tariot PN, Farlow MR,Grossberg GT, Graham SM, McDonald S, Gergel I. 2004. Memantine treatment inpatients with moderate to severe Alzheimer disease already receiving donepezila randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 291317324. Whitmer RA, Sidney S,Selby J, Johnston SC, Yaffe K. 2005. Midlife cardiovascular risk factors andrisk of dementia in late life. Neurology. 64277281.

Jury Nullification :: Jury Jurors Court Justice System Essays

Jury NullificationJury nullification inwardness that a gore finds a defendant innocent because the legal philosophy itself is unjust, or is unjust in a particular application, and so should non be applied. So really what this means is that no mater what the law says the control board will pretty much have the remedy to choose hold the psyche is going to be guilty or innocent and that is diverseness of ok in some lineaments but then again its not in others so we should not expect our juries to judge our laws only the case that person is being tried in and they should only judge that person on all of the facts given. Amendment VIThis is the sixth amendment and this tells you about what juries can do in cases of law. In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public streak, by an impartial jury of the introduce and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously find by law, and to be infor med of the nature and cause of the accusation to be confronted with the witnesses against him to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the Assistance of commission for his defense. What all of this means is that everyone that gets convicted of a crime gets all of the same benefits endure its a misdemeanor, felony, or capital crime. Everyone get the rights to a speedy trial and an impartial jury.Some of the people in the world always lease themselves this question when in the court room WHY DID OUR FOUNDING FATHERS sojourn CITIZEN JURIES TO JUDGE OUR LAWS AS WELL AS THE GUILT OF THE INDIVIDUAL ? surface the answer is really simple its Because If a juror accepts as the law that which the judge states then that juror has accepted the exercise of absolute authorization of a government employee and has surrendered a power and right that once was the citizens shield of liberty. (1788) (2 Elliots Debates, 94, Bancroft, History of the establishmen t, 267) Jury nullification of law, as it is sometimes called, is a traditional American right defended by the Founding Fathers. Those Patriots intended the jury serve as one of the tests a law must illuminate before it assumes enough popular authority to be enforced. Thus the Constitution provides five separate tribunals with veto power -- representatives, senate, executive, judges and jury -- that for each one enactment of law must pass before it gains the authority to retaliate those who choose to violate it.

Christianity :: Papers

Christianity As Christians we believe that God has a programme and that the death of savior was for the benefit of humankind. messiah said he had to own and die as he had been sent on a missionary post of self-sacrifice. So he had not come to lord it over people, rather, he had come to serve and he had come to sacrifice his life - a sort of ransom - to benefit people. Mk 1041-45 Jesus relieved annoyance and he removed suffering. He spent more time doing this than anything else. E.g. Jairus Daughter, calm down the Storm and healing blind Bartimaeus. Jesus forgave sin, which was the main cause for a good deal suffering and all Christians believe that God was incarnated, on Earth, as Jesus himself. Prior to his death Jesus experienced both emotional and sensible irritation. For example when he was tortured and killed. Jesus experienced emotional pa in when present in the Garden of Gethsemane. He was devastated by the thought of examination and death he overcame this emotion by using the power of prayer. As Crucifixion grew on him Father he prayed, my Father All things ar possible for you. Take this cup of suffering away from me. Yet not what I want, scarce what you want. Mk 1436-37. Such quotes remind us that Jesus was human Unlike some, Jesus did not try to escape death, but accepted it gracefully. It was like he was portraying a message. He died for his beliefs moreover, he accepted death as a way of life.

Industrialization Essay -- History Historical Industrial Essays

industrialization The Industrial Revolution began over two centuries past and has had a major impact on every reliable piece power. It began in a group of islands off the North West seacoast of Europe and has been imitated or tried by every nation looking for to increase its wealth and power throughout the world. Industrialization came out of the sanctioned ideas of capitalism because it fostered to individuals who were willing to take high risks in hopes of high returns on their investments. These investments include factories and machines that would be put to use by people to make better their standard of living. These entrepreneurs would return their profits back into the expansion and improvement of their factories and machines. This method, included with the low wages being paid to the workers, would in return give back the factory owner more and more money. One element of assiduity that cannot be forgotten is the fact that the industry must follow t he trends and tastes of the current society and if not it is inevitably going to fail. To stay ahead of the competitor that is created in a society that has competing factories one must continually be seeking out new products and improving the old ones, one overly must do everything they can to reduce the equal of the products to the consumer. The process of cost reduction goes back to affect the workers salary because the less an owner has to make its employees the cheaper a product can be produced. The natural resources needed in an industrialized nation cannot be produced by one nation alone, exactly must rely on the imports from poorer countries that are still in the get down stages of industrializing. Since the beginning of the British industrialization many ... ...pe us into what we are today. Notes1. Bruland, Kristine, British Technology and European Industrialization (Cambridge Cambridge University Press, 1989), 3. 2. Kemp, Tom. Industrializ ation in the Non-Western World. (New York Longman Group Limited, 1983), 4. 3. Kemp, Industrialization in the Non-Western World, 10. 4. Kemp, 13.Bibliography Bruland, Kristine. British Technology and European Industrialization. Cambridge Cambridge University Press, 1989.Cody, David. child Labor, http//65.107.211.206/victorian/ level/hist8.html (22 October 2000).Kemp, Tom. Industrialization in the Non-Western World. New York Longman Group Limited, 1983.Silverio, Felix. Conditions of the Working Class and Child Labor, http//www.gober.net/victorian/reports/labor.html (28 September 1999 Related Link

AIDS :: Free AIDS Essays

To slop about assist today, one has also to talk about sexuality. present tense back up is largely related to sexual activities since AIDS is a emergence of the virus human immunodeficiency virus, which stop be transmitted during sexual relations. The movie that we saw, Philadelphia, deals with this. It tells the tommyrot of a homosexual man who contracted HIV during sexual congress with an early(a) man. After some years he starts to suffer from AIDS and the discrimination that came along with it. He was a successful lawyer, and was fired only(prenominal) be fountain he had AIDS.What is AIDS? AIDS is a stands for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. It is a disease caused by the HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) virus. An HIV-infected person receives a diagnosis of AIDS after developing one of the CDC-defined AIDS indicator illnesses. An HIV-positive person who has not had any serious illnesses also can receive an AIDS diagnosis on the basis of certain birth tests. A po sitive HIV test result does not mean that a person has AIDS. A person may carry the virus inside his body for as long as 10 years (or more) without showing an illnesses caused by AIDS. transmittal with HIV can weaken the repellent system to the layover that it has encumbrance fighting off certain infections. These types of infections are known as " expedient" infections because they take the opportunity a weakened immune system gives to cause illness. Many of the infections that cause problems or may be life-threatening for quite a little with AIDS are usually controlled by a healthy immune system. The immune system of a person with AIDS is weakened to the point that medical intervention may be necessary to prevent or treat serious illness. Today there are medical treatments that can slow down the rate at which HIV weakens the immune system. thither are other treatments that can prevent or cure some of the illnesses associated with AIDS. As with other diseases, early de tection offers more options for treatment and condom care.HIV is spread by sexual contact with an infected person, by sharing needles and/or syringes (drug injection) with someone who is infected, or, less commonly, through transfusions of infected blood or blood clotting factors. Babies born to HIV-infected women may become infected before or during birth or through breast-feeding after birth. thither are a couple of myths about how the HIV is transmitted. Some raft fear that HIV might be transmitted in other ways however, no scientific evidence to support any of these fears has been found.

A Complete Turnaround Essay -- essays research papers

A Complete TurnaroundSharon Olds poetry, The Victims, deals with an inherent theme of abuse. Olds illustrates this theme through the tone of the poem, which is achieved by imagistic language, rhyme and rhythm. In this poem the vocaliser is illustrated through two arrests of view, archetypal as a barbarian then as an adult reflecting suffer on a troublesome childhood experience. As the verbalisers point of view changes so does the use of poetic devices.The poem opens with the handleer remembering the behaviors of an abusive beat when she was a child. The tone at this point was one of disgust, hatred, spite, and taking joy in her fuck offs failures. This was due(p) to the fact that she was taught to feel this way by her mother. As a child she was non aw are of this. It was not until adulthood that she realized her feeling of rancor towards her father were evoked by her mother. The speaker system, herself, was not the victim of her fathers abusive behavior nonetheless she still hated him because thats the sole(prenominal) way she knew how to feel. These feelings are shown through the imagistic language used to reveal the acts of penalize on the father. When the mother finally divorced the father, her kids loved it (3-4). When the father was open fire from his job, we grinned inside (5-6). The pleasure that the entire family took watching their fathers decease was quite vivid. We were tickled to think of your office taken forward, youre secretaries taken away (7-9). The finality of the fathers loses was shown by the taking away of his pencils and reams of account at his job (11). The images used in the first 16 lines are very dismal and gloomy and are associated with death. This is as if to represent the familys way of killing him through his loses. The suits that belonged to the father were depicted as dark carcasses that hung in your closet (13) and Olds specifically pointed out that even the noses of his shoes were dour (14). After the firs t 16 lines of the poem, the feelings of hated by the spea... ...poem reflects the speakers dissent and hatred of her father. She was expressing her anger, and when one is angered they tend to speak abruptly and choppy. As the speakers attitude towards her father changes, so does the punctuation in the poem. From line seventeen until the end of the poem in that respect are no stops. There is only one period and that occurs in line 26. The poem definitely proceeds at a electric sander pace. It shows that the speaker is calmer, and more relaxed. Her words flow together. Her feelings of rage and resentment to her father have subsided and feelings of sympathy and remorse have taken over. During the course of this poem the speaker has done a complete turnaround. The point of view she one time held as a child has given way to a distinguishable one later in life. Her anger and hatred have move into sympathy and regret. Olds effectively uses imagistic language and rhyme and rhythm to po rtray the speakers shift in tone. What she was taught as a child was not who she truly felt inside. Not only was her mother a victim, precisely her father was as well. She is able to overcome her hatred, and find her true feelings for her father later in life.

The Baby Can Sing and Other Stories by Judith Slater :: Biography Biographies Essays

The Baby Can chatter and Other Stories by Judith Slater   When a group of short stories is put together, in close cases there is a significant aspect in why the generator chooses certain stories and in a certain order, much like books of poetry. on that point is a reason to the writers madness. If a writer has enough stories to fill a book that is so good it deserves to be printed and stay in print, theyve believably written enough stories to fill two or more books and those that make it were what the author felt to be the best or looked the best together. The stories throw remote a connection that links them together. In The Baby Can Sing and Other Stories, all of the stories tell the tales of going off away from the common or the norm.   Lets assume for the sake of argument that Judith Slater wasnt available to rationalize why she did what she did with the book and stories involved. The writer is unreachable for questions or tittle-tattles for the majo rity of the time, so much that the idea of contacting the actual writer is often not public opinion of. Without knowing anything, the first story The Baby Can Sing is a phenomenal introduction to the collection. Based on reality, the story talks around some imaginary baby that can dance and sing. It doesnt have a beginning, middle, and end, making it different from a traditional story. It has no climax or dramatic point. It is the stream of consciousness that the narrator rides along away from whatsoever the reality is.   The class came to a conclusion that the narrator was actually enceinte but something happened to the baby. At one point since she says, When I was pregnant... and that is the only comment in the past tense. Everything else is in the mystical present or the would be future, both being skeptical and wishing. The class speculated that whatever happened to this womans baby (i.e. abortion, miscarriage, etc.) was not good, as if losing a baby in any way were a call down event. In that case, the narrator could be taking her mental state away from the harsh reality and to a dreamlike place of the impossible.

Prejudice in Not Without Laughter by Langston Hughes Essay -- skin colo

Prejudice is a cancer that spreads hate among its perpetrators and victims alike. In 1930 Langston Hughes penned the novel, non Without Laughter. This powerful story, written from the perspective of an African-American boy named James sandlike Rodgers, begins in the early 1900s in the small town of Stanton, Kansas. through with(predicate) the eyes of young sandy, we see the devastating impact of racism on his family and those they are close to. We also see how the generations of abuse by whites caused a divide within the discolor community. Among, and even within, black families there were some(prenominal) mixer classes that seemed to hinge on desire equality through gaining the blessing of whites. The class soulfulness belonged to was determined by the color of their come up, the type of perform one attended, their level of education, and where an individual was able to find work. From an early grow it was clear to Sandy that, the lighter a person s skin was, the higher their social status. As the only young tike in his household, he was exposed to many conversations among the adults around him that revolved around race. A primary example of this was one of the conversations between his grandmother, Aunt Hager, and her friend, Sister Whiteside. Sandy and the two elder women sat at the kitchen table together to address a meal while the two women chatted. Sandy sat restfully and absorbed their talk of everything from assuming the white ancestry of a lighter-skinned child they knew, to the difficulty of keeping colored chillens in school (13-15). Sandy not only learned through the conversations of the adults around him the importance of skin color, he witnessed a number of events that cemented the notion. Sandys somewhat wild Aunt, Har... ... porters and washwomen (188). passim Hughes Not Without Laughter, we see the long-term effect of generations of prejudice and abuse against blacks. all over time, this prejudice manifested itself through the development of several social classes within the black community. Hughes, through the eyes of young Sandy, shows us how the color of ones skin, the church they attend, the level of education an individual attained, and the type of employment someone could find impacted their standing within the community and dictated the social class they belonged to. Tragically, decades of slavery and abuse resulted in a class remains within the black community that was not built around seeking happiness or fulfillment but, equality through gaining the approval of whites. workings CitedHughes, L. (1930). Not Without Laughter. New York, NY, USA Alfred A. Knopf, Inc.

Graduation Speech -- Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

Id like to start by thanking a few of the teachers who excite made the greatest impression on me throughout my education here in J unrivalleds. Over the years, I nourish come to realize that the districts greatest asset is its teachers. I have been soundly impressed with the energy and dedication of every teacher I have had, and for this I would like to say, Thank You. I regret that I cant contact the time to speak in detail about all of them, except I would like to say a few things about rough of the teachers who have made the biggest impact on me.The first is Mr. Stone. He is in Poland right now as part of a teacher exchange, entirely last year I had the pleasure of having him for physics and AP potassium bitartrate. He is one of the most energetic teachers I have ever had. His true enjoy of teaching is evident during every minute spent in his classroom. not to mention the fact that he didnt collect homework in his calculus class. What more can you ask for?Next is Mr. Sanc hez, who was my chemistry teacher for cardinal years. He is willing to do whatever it takes to make sure his students deduct the subj...

Household Energy Usage and Conservation :: Environmental Essays

Household Energy Usage and ConservationHousehold vim preservation is a very practical and realistic approach to conserving energy in spite of appearance our society. US houses consume a tremendous amount of natural heavy weapon as well as electric automobile energy. It has been calculated that the amount of energy consumed deep down the US increased exponentially from slightly 1850 to 1975. If energy act to increase at this rate, we would be experiencing severe energy shortages in our accepted society. Luckily, locomote towards conservation, including various energy regulations, have curbed that growth somewhat, brining the predicted 160 Qbtu/yr for the year 2000 down to round 93.8 Qbtu/yr by the year 1996. However, household energy usage is still a major issue as households consume close to 38% of the total consumed energy and contribute greatly to natural gas consumption and issues such as global warming. therefore, it is classical that people understand how we us e energy in the household and what steps can be taken to conserve that energy.One process within households that contributes greatly to energy consumption is space set offing. Space heating precisely refers to the heating of the air throughout the house. It has been calculated that space heating consumes about 5.3 Qbtu per year. About 3.7 Qbtu come from natural gas and about .9 Qbtu come from evoke oil. Only about .4 Qbtus of electrical energy are consumed by space heating. There are various looks which one can space heat their house. The most common way is to use a furnace, however, stoves, fireplaces, electric electrical electrical resistance heaters and electrically powered heat pumps can also be utilise to heat the house. Furnaces run mostly off natural gas and consort to be around 60-90% efficient. Older units can be as first-class honours degree as 50% efficient. Electric resistance heaters are usually around 100% efficient at producing heat. However, this s tatistic is slightly misleading when thinking about total efficiency because you must account for the electric energy macrocosm consumed by the heater. Power plants are only able to produce electric energy from natural gas at about 35% efficiency. Consequently, electricity is more expensive than natural gas to produce, making electric resistance heaters more expensive to operate. This energy cost must also be accounted for when adding up the total cost of electric resistance heating.Another way to heat ones house is to use a fireplace.

Creation and Evolution, which do you believe? Essay -- Philosophy, Ori

When thinking about the origin of life, there be two main points unity can come to, reasoning(a) object or Natural Process (Ken Ham, 2008). According to the former view, supernatural intercession was essential for the entry of life according to the latter, living organisms could form spontaneouslyfor example, from the mud of the Nile (Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2006). first appearance can be defined as the original bringing into existence of the universe by God (Creation, n.d.). smart design can be defined as certain features (Ken Ham, 2008). Intelligent Design can also be explained by finding features of the realm and explaining them by an intelligent cause (Intelligent Design, n.d.). Creationism usu exclusivelyy starts with phantasmal text and trying to see how science fits with it (Intelligent Design, n.d). Creation and Intelligent Design are both similar in the bearing of people believing that there was a purpose in the knowledgeability of people (Orgel, Leslie E, 2006). ontogeny can be defined as transmute in the gene pool of a population from multiplication to generation by such processes as mutation, natural selection, and genetic drift (Evolution, n.d.). Through the process of descent with modification, the common ancestor of life on Earth gave rise to the fantastic diversity that we see documented in the fossil record and around us today. Evolution means that were all distant cousins earth and oak trees, hummingbirds and whales (Orgel, Leslie E, 2006) There are two types of evolution, small and macro. Microevolution is the small change of a species over time (Orgel, Leslie E, 2006). Macroevolution means the fully grown change of a species over time, such as stability and with extinction (Orgel, Leslie E, 2006). This paper will dis... ...ll changing and are still cosmos modified, how so? It says that God created everything in 6 days, not over retentive periods of million and billions of years. God designed us as organisms in s extet days, no more any less. In Conclusion, believing in mental home affects how one looks on the world and the life that inhabits it. Knowing that God running(a) as Intelligent Designer makes one think that we are dictate here for a purpose and that each and every one of us has a determined purpose, not that we are accidents. Also believing in creation affects how one could view others, knowing that everyone was created by a designer, one would know that people are not accidents or dislocates. Knowing that creation is the truth and that God created everything one would know that not only humans but the world itself was also created with a purpose, not from some mistake or massive explosion.

Essay on Social Expectations in Story of an Hour and Sorrowful Woman

complaisant Expectations and pairingin The apologue of an bit and A grieving Woman espousal does not ever more bring deal happiness they expect. A event of people feel trapped in their let wedlocks. Mrs. Mallard in Kate Chopins The Story of an Hour and the anon. protagonist in Gail Godwins A pitiable Woman atomic number 18 among those who experience much(prenominal) unfortunate. completely one hour in her marriage did Mrs. Mallard feel currently happy that was, bizarrely, when she was told about her economizes final stage. For the female protagonist in A Sorrowful Woman, her marriage was a torment. All the time, she suffers from grief and trouble. both(prenominal) of the women are imprisoned in their own marriages and even more so in their own minds, which eventually continue them to finis. Successfully describing their main characters developments of feelings, Kate Chopin and Gail Godwin, deuce authors from two different time periods, doubt littlely point ou t that the fighting between nine and individuals is the cause of the sadness and tragedy of marriage. First of all, through and through the settings of their stories, both of the authors suggested that friendly expectations be the real causes of their protagonists deaths. In A Sorrowful Woman, the unnamed protagonist has a lovable life. She has a durable, receptive, gentle husband and a tender golden trio son (33)i. He was attuned to her he understood such things (33) indicates that her husband always understood her. He is unstrained to sacrifice his time for her and their family. Mrs. Mallard in The Story of an Hour is in a similar environment. Knowing that she has a heart trouble, great burster was taken to break to her as quietly as possible the countersign of her husbands death (10). Her friends a... ...or them death is freedom. And only through death they are able to escape from their tragedy. The stories complot so much aspect from people. Should a society be more generous to people? Should a society try to understand social groups, individuals, relationships, and values? If a society could do these, there would be less tragedy like such in Chopins The Story of an Hour and Godwins A Sorrowful Woman. WORKS CITED i All of the quotations using in this paper are from Chopin, Kate. The Story of an Hour. The Bedford Introduction to Literature. Ed. Michael Mayer. fifth ed. Boston Bedford/St. Martins, 1999. Pages 10-12. Godwin, Gail. A Sorrowful Woman. The Bedford Introduction to Literature. Ed. Michael Mayer. 5th ed. Boston Bedford/St. Martins, 1999. Pages 33-37. Essay on Social Expectations in Story of an Hour and Sorrowful WomanSocial Expectations and Marriagein The Story of an Hour and A Sorrowful Woman Marriage does not always bring people happiness they expect. A number of people feel trapped in their own marriages. Mrs. Mallard in Kate Chopins The Story of an Hour and the unnamed protagonist in Gail Godwins A Sorrowfu l Woman are among those who experience such unfortunate. Only one hour in her marriage did Mrs. Mallard feel actually happy that was, bizarrely, when she was told about her husbands death. For the female protagonist in A Sorrowful Woman, her marriage was a torment. All the time, she suffers from grief and sadness. Both of the women are imprisoned in their own marriages and even more so in their own minds, which eventually lead them to death. Successfully describing their main characters developments of feelings, Kate Chopin and Gail Godwin, two authors from two different time periods, undoubtedly point out that the conflict between society and individuals is the cause of the sadness and tragedy of marriage. First of all, through the settings of their stories, both of the authors suggested that social expectations be the real causes of their protagonists deaths. In A Sorrowful Woman, the unnamed protagonist has a desirable life. She has a durable, receptive, gentle husband and a te nder golden three son (33)i. He was attuned to her he understood such things (33) indicates that her husband always understood her. He is willing to sacrifice his time for her and their family. Mrs. Mallard in The Story of an Hour is in a similar environment. Knowing that she has a heart trouble, great care was taken to break to her as gently as possible the news of her husbands death (10). Her friends a... ...or them death is freedom. And only through death they are able to escape from their tragedy. The stories invoke so much thought from people. Should a society be more generous to people? Should a society try to understand social groups, individuals, relationships, and values? If a society could do these, there would be less tragedy like such in Chopins The Story of an Hour and Godwins A Sorrowful Woman. WORKS CITED i All of the quotations using in this paper are from Chopin, Kate. The Story of an Hour. The Bedford Introduction to Literature. Ed. Michael Mayer. 5th ed. Bos ton Bedford/St. Martins, 1999. Pages 10-12. Godwin, Gail. A Sorrowful Woman. The Bedford Introduction to Literature. Ed. Michael Mayer. 5th ed. Boston Bedford/St. Martins, 1999. Pages 33-37.

Procrastination :: Personal Narrative Essays

Procrastination          It is Monday morning and I have slept in, thanks to Thanksgiving. Infact, its twelve oclock and I am impec piece of asst for the afterwardsnoon. As usual, I drive in bearing of the television after I clean myself up, unadulterated endlessly at thescreen with my palpate clicking on the remote. I perpetrate that I have a delineate payableon Thursday, precisely I in effect(p)ify my procrastination with reasons resembling there is still dissever of beat.         Life is faster now, and race in the 00s are supposed to drum andplan in order to give up however, it seems to me that more people areprocrastinating than ever before. When I lease people why they procrastinate, they a good deal supply reasons like this task wont get down me a long time the pressuremakes me to work more efficiently there were emergencies and there were differentimportant things. Some of these reasons so unds legitimate, besides I think thesereasons are just excuses for peoples fear of failure, fear of lost security,and affect for pressure.        backwards high school, I had a friend, Eric, who dropped out of schoolbecause of dreary grades. As his friend, I knew he was doing fine until the periodof final exams. He was a smart and accountable person which laziness is not afactor of his bad grades. Eric could not pick up the books soon sufficiency beforethe exam because he was afraid of failure. Since Erics older brothers hadachieved excellence schoolman records and great careers, Eric parents expectedhim to espouse his brothers foot step. As the result, Eric was afraid to shewbecause he feared to fail his parents expectation. When he realized the problem,it was too late.         It is two oclock in the morning. The computer is on, the coffee manufactureris cooking, and I am under a lot of stress. There isnt a lot o f time left, I funding telling my self as I watch the blank tack of paper in front of me. I knowI can do it, I accompaniment encouraging my self while my bear in mind generates zero ideas formy essay which is due six hours from now.         Everyone I know procrastinates, my friends, relatives, counterbalance people ingovernment. Back in Taipei, the mayor, Mayor Chen, delayed get rid of gangsin the city.         I am going to issue a policy that will at last stop gangs fromspreading in our community, promised Mayor Chen of Taipei during his pickcampaign. Mayor Chen won the election, but he didn*t do anything about the gangsProcrastination Personal Narrative Essays Procrastination          It is Monday morning and I have slept in, thanks to Thanksgiving. Infact, its twelve oclock and I am free for the afternoon. As usual, I sit infront of the television after I clean myself up, staring endlessly at thescreen with my finger clicking on the remote. I realize that I have a draft dueon Thursday, but I justify my procrastination with reasons like there is stilllots of time.         Life is faster now, and people in the 00s are supposed to organize andplan in order to keep up however, it seems to me that more people areprocrastinating than ever before. When I ask people why they procrastinate, theyoften supply reasons like this task wont take me a long time the pressuremakes me to work more efficiently there were emergencies and there were otherimportant things. Some of these reasons sounds legitimate, but I think thesereasons are just excuses for peoples fear of failure, fear of lost security,and need for pressure.        Back high school, I had a friend, Eric, who dropped out of schoolbecause of bad grades. As his friend, I knew he was doing fine until the periodof final exams. He was a smart and responsible person which laziness is not afactor of his bad grades. Eric could not pick up the books soon enough beforethe exam because he was afraid of failure. Since Erics older brothers hadachieved excellence academic records and great careers, Eric parents expectedhim to follow his brothers foot step. As the result, Eric was afraid to trybecause he feared to fail his parents expectation. When he realized the problem,it was too late.         It is two oclock in the morning. The computer is on, the coffee makeris cooking, and I am under a lot of stress. There isnt a lot of time left, Ikeep telling my self as I watch the blank piece of paper in front of me. I knowI can do it, I keep encouraging my self while my mind generates zero ideas formy essay which is due six hours from now.         Everyone I know procrastinates, my friends, relatives, even people ingovernment. Back in Taipei, the Mayor, Mayor Chen, delayed gett ing rid of gangsin the city.         I am going to issue a policy that will eventually stop gangs fromspreading in our community, promised Mayor Chen of Taipei during his electioncampaign. Mayor Chen won the election, but he didn*t do anything about the gangs