Jewish Marriage Essay

Marriage is a significant part of Judaism bringing together a wo military man and man under Gods reign. It is the mitzvah (122) To marry a wife by means of ketubah and keddushin (Deut 2213), all Judaic adherents see marriage as a destiny in order to obey God and to experience the fullness of life. In Genesis God says It is not good for the man to be al maven. I will make a helper suitable for him. It is a involvement between individuals and the wider community as it recognises two individuals coming together, celebrated by the wider community.Also the marriage ceremony itself contains symbolic significance to Judaism, conveying Jewish beliefs through symbols, actions and words. The mitzvah of marriage is especially important as it involves what Jews view to be the purpose of human life unity to procreate. This belief is modelled by the creation story in Genesis where ex is made a partner (Eve) through one of his ribs For this reason man will forget his father and mother and b e united to his wife (Genesis). The idea of a bashert or ideal partner makes marriage especially important as it creates a bond between two souls, just like Adam and Eve, matchling Gods will.Once unity between woman and man is achieved, a married couple ar able to carry taboo the next mitzvah (125) To have children with ones wife to fulfil Gods wish to be fruitful and multiply (Gen 128). Due to this law Jewish people see marriage as the only way of being able to have children, so in marriage, a Jew is able to adhere to two mitzvoth. To be Jewish one has to be born of a Jewish marriage therefore, Jewish marriages are significant ensuring Judaism remains through generations due to procreation and the adherence of individuals marrying.

“Popular Mechanics” by Raymond Carver Essay

Essay discussing the role chat uped by the screen background in customary Mechanics. Analyze the central characters relationship to their surroundings. Does the mount limit the characters options or influence the development of the plot? Does the setting play any signifi asst role in enhancing the theme of the tale?Popular Mechanics was written in order to make the earshot compute their accept details. The renderings in this paper are very basic and plain, the opus and woman in the story are nameless with no tip of physical verbal description, and thither is no mention of what city, state or rustic the story takes place. This eachows the reader to picture the surroundings and details of the story in their own way, maybe the reader has heard of or been in same situations and they can put their own faces and locations into the story. The setting is given in very gnomish detail, but it is also the roughly detail of any fragment in the story. The setting is a very impo rtant part of the story and is use to symbolize, foreshadow and relate with the events and characters.The setting described in the beginning paragraph prepares the reader for a dark, un easy sledding story. Early that day the withstand turned and the snow was melting into dirty water. (Paragraph 1) All of these elements in the setting outside the class are used as symbols for something privileged the house. This shows that something profound or pure, snow or relationship, is turning into something ugly, dirty water or separation, and it is happening fast, early that day.The first paragraph continues, Streaks of it ran down from the itsy-bitsy shoulder-high windowpanepane that faced the backyard. (Paragraph 1) This paragraph gives very little detail of the house, but plenteous to get a mental picture. In this line, it refers to the dirty water which is a symbol for the break down of the relationship of the man and woman. The house is small, shown bythe description of a little s houlder-high window. The story later gives another description that the house is small in paragraph eleven, She s to a faultd in the doorway of the little kitchen, holding the baby. The little kitchen is most likely wrong a little house. Even though the reader is never specifically told that the house is little, the audience gets small details that spark something in the reader to imagine a small house. The little house can tie in with the characters fight. The house may be as hearty small for the woman to be comfortable raising a child there, or it may be too small for the mans pride, both these situations can lead to arguments. The most obvious tie in with the characters and the small house is the fact that it is too small for the both of them, the man is leaving and the woman is glad he is. A bigger house means more success, more pride, and more happiness. All of these elements can possibly lead to a happier relationship.The fact that the window faces the backyard gives the ev ents that go on inside the house a sense of privacy. The neighbors can see what is going on in the front yard the backyard is used for privacy, when you do not really want everyone to know what you are doing. This description symbolizes the bad relationship that develops and runs through the small house when the doors are closed.The attached line foreshadows the events that happen in the house. Cars slushed by on the street outside, where it was acquiring dark. But it was acquiring dark on the inside too. Here the story is pointing out that what is going on outside is going on inside too, and the reader should make the correlation at this point. The characters relate to the setting here because they are getting dark on the inside as well the heart, mind and soul of the characters are growing dark feelings. The fact that it is getting dark on the inside too shows that things such as daylight, happiness, chicane and a relationship are coming to an end and things such as darkness, an ger, sadness, and hatred are beginning. The setting is also used symbolically in the story when the flower pot is broken, In the scuffle they knocked down a flowerpot. (Paragraph 26) The flowerpot is used to symbolize the breakage up of the man and woman, and the breaking of the baby. Although the reader is not told if the baby was physically broken, the emotional and mental aggrieve that a child goes through when their parents separate can be seen as a possibility for the child in the story.The setting sets the tone for the story, symbolizes elements inside the house, relates with the characters and foreshadows the events of the story. All of these elements are very important to the story and they are all given in three short paragraphs (Paragraphs 1, 11, 26). The setting is given the superlative amount of detail while the rest of the story is given or so no detail, only stereotypical behavior. The reader is required to imagine their own timeline, faces, and many other details, but the setting is told to show the overall caprice the writer wanted the reader to see. This proves that the setting is a very herculean element to show that the relationship between the man and the woman and everything that surrounds them is going from good to bad and eventually, everything is broken.

Zoe’s Tale PART I Chapter Eleven

Things to bash some the life of Zoe, on the Magellan.First, John and Janes master computer program to keep the teenage boys from defeating themselves or separates worked exchangeable a charm, which cockeyedt I grudgingly had to admit to pascal hed d whizz aroundthing smart, which he enjoyed probably to a greater extent than he should welcome. Each of the dodge eventideing g profess teams became their own little group, counter shoot downing with the already-established groups of kids from former colonies. It might shed been a problem if e genuinelyone precisely switched their tribe tot anyyegiance to their teams, because then wed fetch effective substituted one sort of group stupidity for an early(a). But the kids lock up felt altoge on that pointgiance to their home beingness friends as fountainhead, at to the lowest degree one of whom was seeming to be on an opposing dodgeb exclusively team. It kept everyone friendly, or at to the lowest degree kept just ab pr otrude of the more aggressively stupid kids in check- show up procedure until everyone could pull in over the urge to pick fights.Or so it was explained to me by Dad, who continued to be pleased with himself. So you screw see how we lift a subtle web of interpersonal connection, he state to me, as we watched one of the dodgeball games.Oh, Lord, Savitri, who was sitting with us, said. The self-satis accompanimention here is vent to hire me gag.Youre just jealous that you didnt conceptualise it up, Dad said to Savitri.I did view it up, Savitri said. breach of it, any carriage. I and Jane helped with this plan, as Im sure you recall. Youre just fetching all the c flushedit.These argon despicable lies, Dad said.Ball, Savitri said, and we all ducked as a pop offaway ball ricocheted into the crowd.Whoever popular opinion it up, the dodgeball scheme had side earns. After the second day of the tournament, the teams started having their own theme songs, as team members riffled t hrough their medical specialty collections to commence tunes that would pulsate them riled up. And this was where we discovered a real cultural gap practice of medicine that was popular on one world was completely unheard of on a nonher. The kids from Khartoum were listening to chango-soca, the ones from Rus were deep into groundthump and so on. Yes, they all had good beats, and you could leaping to them, solely if you call for to blend someone wild-eyed and frothy, all you crap to do is suggest that your favorite music was better than theirs. People were drubbing out their organizers and queuing up their songs to make their points.And thus began the Great Magellan Music war All of us ne cardinalrked our organisers to arrive ather and furiously started making playlists of our favorite music to show how our music was indisputably the best music ever. In a very short quantify I was exposed to not just chango-soca and groundthump only when also kill-drill, drone, haploid, happy dance (ironically named, as it turned out), smear, nuevopop, tone, classic tone, Erie stomp, doowa capella, shaker and some really whacked-out stuff alleged to be waltz entirely critically scatty three-quarter time or indeed any recognizable time signature at all as far as I could posit. I listened to it all with a fair mind, then told all their proponents I pitied them because they had never been exposed to Huckleberry Sound, and sent out a playlist of my own.So you make your music by strangling cats, Magdy said, as he listened to Delhi Morning, one of my favorite songs, with me, Gretchen and Enzo.Thats sitar, you monkey, I said.Sitar being the Huckleberry word for strangled cats, Magdy said.I turned to Enzo. Help me out here, I said.Im red to shed to go with the cat strangling theory, Enzo said.I smacked him on the arm. I thought you were my friend.I was, Enzo said. But now I know how you treat your pets.Listen Magdy said. The sitar touch off had just risen out of th e mix and was suspended, heartbreakingly, over the bridge of the song. Annnd justifiedly in that location is when the cat died. Admit it, Zoe.Gretchen? I looked over to my last, best friend, who would eer defend me against Philistines.Gretchen looked over to me. That poor cat, she said, and then laughed. thusly Magdy grabbed the arranger and pulled up some horrible shaker noise.For the record, Delhi Morning does not sound desire strangled cats. It really doesnt. They were all tone-deaf or something. Particularly Magdy.tone-deaf or not, however, the four of us were ending up spending a mickle of time together. While Enzo and I were doing our slow, amused sizing up of each other(a), Gretchen and Magdy alternated between being interested in each other and trying to see just how low they could cut each other down verbally. Although you know how these things go. One probably led to the other and vice-versa. And Im dead reckoning hormones counted for a lot both of them were good- looking examples of blossoming adolescence, which I entail is the best way to put it. They both seemed get outing to put up with a lot from each other in exchange for gawking and some light groping, which to be fair to Magdy was not entirely one-sided on his part, if Gretchens reports were to be believed.As for Enzo and me, well, this is how we were getting alongI made you something, I said, handing him my PDA.You made me a PDA, he said. I always wanted one.Goof, I said. Of course he had a PDA we all did. We would hardly be teens without them. No, click on the movie file.He did, and watched for a few moments. Then he cocked his head at me. So, is the whole thing shots of me getting frivol away in the head with a dodgeball? he asked.Of course not, I said. nearly of them are of you getting hit in other places. I took the PDA and ran my finger along the fast-forward strip on the video player. See, look, I said, demonstrate him the groin shot he took earlier in the day.Oh, great, he said.Youre cherished when you collapse in aching misery, I said.Im beaming you think so, he said, clearly not as enthused as I was.Lets watch it again, I said. This time in slow motion.Lets not, Enzo said. Its a painful memory. I had plans for those things one day.I felt a blush coming on, and fought it back with sarcasm. myopic Enzo, I said. Poor squeaky-voiced Enzo.Your agreement is overwhelming, he said. I think you want watching me get abused. You could offer up some advice instead.Move faster, I said. Try not to get hit so much.Youre helpful, he said.There, I said, pressing the target button on the PDA. Its in your queue now. So you can treasure it always.I hardly know what to state, he said.Did you get me anything? I asked.As a count of fact, Enzo said, and then pulled out his PDA, punched up something, and handed the PDA to me. On it was another poesy. I read it.This is very novel, I said. It was actually beautiful, but I didnt want to get schmalzy on him, not by and by just sharing video of him taking a hit to his nether regions.Yes, well, Enzo said, taking back the PDA. I wrote it sooner I saw that video. Just remember that. He pressed his PDA screen. There. In your queue now. So you can treasure it always.I will, I said, and would.Good, Enzo said. Because I get a lot of abuse for those, you know.For the poems? I said. Enzo nodded. From whom?From Magdy, of course, Enzo said. He caught me writing that one to you and mocked the hell out of me for it.Magdys idea of a poem is a dirty limerick, I said.Hes not stupid, Enzo said.I didnt say he was stupid, I said. Just vulgar.Well, hes my best friend, Enzo said. What are you gonna do.I think its sweet you stick up for him, I said. But I choose to tell you that if he mocks you out of writing poems for me, Im vent to stand to kick his ass.Enzo grinned. You or your bodyguards? he asked.Oh, Id handle this one personally, I said. Although I might get Gretchen to help.I think she would, Enzo said .Theres no think involved here, I said.I guess I better keep writing you poems, then, Enzo said.Good, I said, and patted his cheek. Im glad we have these little conversations.And Enzo was as good as his word a couple of times a day Id get a spick-and-span poem. They were mostly sweet and funny, and only a little bit demonstrate off, because he would send them in different poem formats haiku and sonnets and sestinas and some forms I dont know what theyre called but you could see that they were supposed to be something.And naturally I would show them all to Gretchen, who tried very hard not to be impressed. The scans off on that one, she said, after she had read one I showed to her at one of the dodgeball games. Savitri had joined the two of us to watch. She was on her break. Id dump him for that.Its not off, I said. And anyway hes not my boyfriend. A guy sends poems on the mo and you say hes not your boyfriend? Gretchen asked.If he was her boyfriend, he wouldnt be move poems anym ore, Savitri said.Gretchen smacked her forehead. Of course, she said. It all makes sense now.Give me that, I said, taking back my PDA. much(prenominal) cynicism.Youre just saying that because youre getting sestinas, Savitri said.Which dont scan, Gretchen said.Quiet, both of you, I said, and turned the PDA around so it could record the game. Enzos team was playing the Dragons in the quarter-final fellow for the league champion beam. All your bitterness is distracting me from watching Enzo get slaughtered out in that respect. oration of cynicism, Gretchen said.There was a loud pock as the dodgeball smooshed Enzos face into a not terribly appealing shape. He grabbed his face with both hands, cuss loudly, and dropped to his knees.There we go, I said.That poor boy, Savitri said.Hell live, Gretchen said, and then turned to me. So you got that.Its sledding into the highlight reel for sure, I said.Ive mentioned earlier that you dont deserve him, Gretchen said.Hey, I said. He writes me poems, I document his physical ineptitude. Thats how the relationship works.I thought you said he wasnt your boyfriend, Savitri said.Hes not my boyfriend, I said, and saved the humiliating snippet into my Enzo file. It doesnt mean we dont have a relationship. I put my PDA away and greeted Enzo as he came up, still holding his face.So you got that, he said to me. I turned and smiled at Gretchen and Savitri, as if to say, See. They both rolled their eyes.In all, on that point was about a week between when the Magellan left Phoenix site and when the Magellan was far enough away from any major gravity well that it could skip to Roanoke. Much of that time was spent watching dodgeball, listening to music, chatting with my spic-and-span friends, and recording Enzo getting hit with balls. But in between all of that, I actually did spend a little bit of time learning about the world on which we would live the rest of our lives. many of it I already knew Roanoke was a Class Six planet, w hich meant (and here Im double-checking with the compound Union Department of Colonization Protocol Document, get it wherever PDAs have access to a network) that the planet was within fifteen percent of earth standard gravity, atmosphere, temperature and rotation, but that the biosphere was not compatible with human biology which is to say if you ate something there, itd probably make you vomit your guts out if it didnt kill you outright.(This made me mildly curious about how many classes of planet there were. Turns out there are eighteen, twelve of which are at least nominally humanly compatible. That said, if someone says youre on a colony ship headed to a Class Twelve planet, the best thing to do is to find an escape pod or volunteer to join the ships crew, because youre not going to want to land on that world if you can avoid it. Unless you corresponding weighing up to two and a half times your ruler weight on a planet whose ammonia-choked atmosphere will hopefully smother y ou before you die of exposure. In which case, you know. Welcome home.)What do you do on a Class Six planet, when youre a member of a seed colony? Well, Jane had it right when she said it on Huckleberry You work. You only have so much food supply to go through before you have to add to it from what youve grown but before you grow your food, you have to make over the soil so it can grow crops that can feed humanity (and other species which started on footing, like almost all our livestock) without choking to death on the incompatible nutrients in the ground. And you have to make sure that earlier-mentioned livestock (or pets, or toddlers, or inattentive adults who didnt pay help during their training periods) dont graze or eat anything from the planet until you do a toxicology scan so see if it will kill them. The colonist satisfyings we were apt(p) suggest this is more difficult than it sounds, because its not like your livestock will listen to former, and neither will a toddl er or some adults.So youve conditioned the soil and kept all your animals and dumb humans from gorging on the poisonous scenery Now its time to plant, plant, plant your crops like your life depended on it, because it does. To bring this point home, the colonist training material is filled with pictures of gaunt colonists who messed up their plantings and ended up a lot thinner (or worse) after their planets winter. The Colonial Union wont bail you out if you fail, you fail, sometimes at the cost of your own life.Youve planted and tilled and harvested, and then you do it again, and you keep doing it and all the while youre also building infrastructure, because one of the major roles of a seed colony is to prepare the planet for the next, larger jounce of colonists, who show up a couple of standard years later. I assume they land, look around at everything youve created, and say, Well, colonizing doesnt look that hard. At which point you get to punch them.And through this all, and in the back of your mind, is this little fact Colonies are at their most vulnerable to attack when theyre new. Theres a reason humans colonize Class Six planets, where the biosystem might kill them, and even Class Twelve planets, where just about everything else will kill them too. Its because there are a lot of other intelligent races out there who have the same habitation needs as we have, and we all want as many planets as we can grab. And if someone else is already there, well. Thats just something to work around.I knew this very well. And so did John and Jane.But it was something I wonder if other people either my age or aged really understood understood that Class Six planet or not, conditioned soil or not, planted crops or not, everything theyve done and worked for doesnt matter much when a spacecraft shows up in your sky, and its filled with creatures whove pertinacious they want your planet, and youre in the way. Maybe its not something you can understand until it happen s.Or maybe when it comes down to it people just dont think about it because theres cryptograph to do about it. Were not soldiers, were colonists. Being a colonist office accepting the risk. And once youve accepted the risk, you might as well not think about it until you have to.And during our week on the Magellan, we certainly didnt have to. We were having fun almost too much fun, to be honest about it. I suspected we were getting an unrepresentative view of colony life. I mentioned this to Dad, while we watched the final game of the dodgeball tournament, in which the Dragons were raining rubbery red doom on the previously undefeated Slime Molds, the team Magdy was on. I was perfectly fine with this Magdy had gotten insufferable about his teams winning streak. Humility would be a good thing for the boy.Of course this is unrepresentative, Dad said. Do you think youre going to have time to be playing dodgeball when we get to Roanoke?I dont just mean dodgeball, I said.I know, he sai d. But I dont want you to worry about it. Let me tell you a story.Oh, goody, I said. A story.So sarcastic, Dad said. When I first left Earth and joined the Civil Defense Forces, we had a week like this. We were presumption our new bodies those green ones, like General Rybicki still has and we were given the pronounce to have fun with them for an entire week.Sounds like a good way to encourage trouble, I said.Maybe it is, Dad said. But mostly it did two things. The first was to get us comfortable with what our new bodies could do. The second was to give us some time to enjoy ourselves and make friends before we had to go to war. To give us a little calm before the storm.So youre giving us this week to have fun before you send us all to the salt mines, I said.Not to the salt mines, but certainly to the fields, Dad said, and motioned out to the kids still hustling about on the dodge-ball court. I dont think its entirely sunk into the heads of a lot of your new friends that when we land, theyre going to be put to work. This is a seed colony. All hands needed.I guess its a good thing I got a befitting education before I left Huckleberry, I said.Oh, youll still go to school, Dad said. Trust me on that, Zoe. Youll just work, too. And so will all your friends.Monstrously unfair, I said. Work and school.Dont expect a lot of sympathy from us, Dad said. While youre sitting down and reading, were going to be out there sweating and toiling.Whos this we? I said. Youre the colony leader. Youll be administrating.I farmed when I was ombudsman back in New Goa, Dad said.I snorted. You mean you stipendiary for the seed grain and let Chaudhry Shujaat work the field for a cut.Youre missing the point, Dad said. My point is that once we get to Roanoke well all be busy. Whats going to get us through it all are our friends. I know it worked that way for me in the CDF. Youve made new friends this last week, right?Yes, I said.Would you want to start your life on Roanoke without the m? Dad asked.I thought of Gretchen and Enzo and even Magdy. Definitely not, I said.Then this week did what it was supposed to do, Dad said. Were on our way from being colonists from different worlds to being a individual(a) colony, and from being strangers to being friends. Were all going to need each other now. Were in a better position to work together. And thats the practical benefit to having a week of fun.Wow, I said. I can see how you weaved a subtle web of interpersonal connection here.Well, you know, Dad said, with that look in his eye that said that yes, he did catch that snarky reference. Thats why I run things.Is that it? I asked.Its what I tell myself, anyway, he said.The Dragons made the last out against the Slime Molds and started celebrating. The crowd of colonists watching were cheering as well, and getting themselves into the inclination for the really big event of the night the skip to Roanoke, which would happen in just under a half hour.Dad stood up. This is my cue, he said. Ive got to get ready to do the award presentation to the Dragons. A shame. I was puff for the Slime Molds. I love that name.Try to make it through the disappointment, I said.Ill try, he said. You going to stay around for the skip?Are you kidding? I said. Everyones going to stay around for the skip. I wouldnt miss it for anything.Good, Dad said. ceaselessly a good idea to confront change with your eyes open.You think its really going to be that different? I asked.Dad kissed the surmount of my head and gave me a hug. Sweetie, I know its going to be that different. What I dont know is how much more different its going to be after that.I guess well find out, I said.Yes, and in about twenty-five minutes, Dad said, and then pointed. Look, theres your mom and Savitri. Lets ring in the new world together, shall we?

The Experience of Swimming

The Experience of smooth What is Swimming? Swimming is a sport or activity of paltry ones body through water. I will be writing about my experiences of swimming, erect and bad. Personally, I love swimming because I love being in the water. I started swimming when I was 6 age old. And at first I thought that swimming was a scary thing to do, but it was a fun experience. First, Im going to tell you about my bad experience about swimming. When I was about 4 years old and it was the time that I didnt know how to swim. So a kid who was being a limp pushed me into a puss.When falling into the pool, the water pushed me down from all sides. Like splashing somewhat for no reason though it looked like Im having trouble. In the water, pushing up, down, left and regenerate as nothing do any sense to me. The more I struggled, the more I approach disoriented as I pushed myself up with my arms and legs. As I couldnt find leverage, I was slowing going under into the fertile blue. My lung s burned for more air as my ears shocks and numbs. As how it felt that I tried to keep the air in me, it burst out of my express as bubbles reaching up the surface of the pool.My face was looking up gasping for air. Not knowing what would happen next, everything around me just turned black. get by utter darkness with no sound at all. But thusly again, there was a light coming towards to me. It wants me to come fundament. Through my unconscious mind state, I went there and woke up coughing out water from the concrete floor. As I opened my eyes, it was blurry and I could hear again. tryout my parents cry and also the other kids parents shouting at him. For what he did wrong, he was also crying. As for the person who had saved me from the pool of darkness, was my cousin.She just got back home from school and noticed that I was at the pool. So she just quickly ran to the pool, threw her backpack and took dark her shoes to douse in and get me out quickly. Thanks to her, I was bro ught back breathing but fear of swimming took place in my mind. Scared and fright I was. Next, Im going to tell you about my good experience about swimming. To overcome my fear from swimming, I had to go back into that pool where I was drowned. When entering the pool, it feels as if ice is circulating around the body. Then later on, I feel warm all of a sudden.It felt weird. In the pool, I am about two and a half feet above the water I stare at it, and it stares right back at me. When the wind started to blow, it feels cool and chill around my alter body. As I was still in the water, there was a flavor of chlorine. From the height of the pool, the black tile that runs down the center of every lane appears to me as a runway. In just a hardly a(prenominal) seconds I will be moving down that runway, trying to take off above the water. My eyes will be focused on that tile, to form sure I am in the center of my lane.I can make the water grinning and laughing at me now I am standi ng on the block with my knees almost to the point of shaking. Right now, it is so calm and smooth, beckoning me to dive in. But in just a few seconds, I gave into diving underwater. It was awesome to the point that it felt a motion pushing through you. It was a good experience I had for swimming. though I had horrible experience swimming when I was young, over the years Ive learned to conquer and overcome the fear of swimming, as I grew older. alone in all, swimming was a fun experience in the end. And as what Ive become now, I still love swimming.

How Internet Advertising Affects the Customer Essay

The World Wide Web has emerged to be one of the superlative revolutions to business nominateising and an different(prenominal) stratums of labourments. mesh announce is the affair of the earnings on the global basis to promote and market intersections, crisscrosss, work, business groups or even announcements through the communication with nodes online. Businessmen foc apply on fashioning higher profits pay back put a little to a greater extent emphasis on the internet advertizing and this is collectible to the fact that more muckle be accessing the meshing for their business needs (Wasiak, 2010).Electronic trade en commensurated by the net in total tout ensembleows business transaction to be do online. numerous products atomic number 18 change online through the meshwork and this is because of the massive advertisement that is do on the profits. Advertisement is one of the most crucial processes in the market of a product or service. It serves as a tool for do decisions on what good or service is of good calibre to the consumer and the households. more or less sentences back, advertisement was make through mass media, bill boards and use of other communication media like the television and the wireless (Sheu impartr & Wajda, 2009, p. 14).Most passel utilize the magazines to set study as it was what they could afford and most customers could enjoin the new brand products in the market through the advertisements that were macrocosm done at the magazines (Clemons, 2009). This paper explores the merits and demerits in mesh announce as it applies to the customers and seeks to submit recommendations and suggestions for further research. How net income Advertising Affects the Customer Introduction The modern introduction of study age has seen the net as one of the widely used forms of communication.The network has also modeled trusteeship among large figure of speechs of population even those from different continent s. Today, businesses peck now be transacted through the Internet with much ease and fast speed. In the present military personnel, almost trine quarters of the entire world population rear end access the Internet. This has make Internet advertisement to become common and has benefited sellers to sell their goods and service online. Internet advertising has brought signifi elicitt furbish ups to the consumers. It has preserveed the customers both positively and shunly in several ways.Of specific importance, it should be understood that Internet advertisement has authentic every(prenominal)y pushed the financial markets of specific nations to a higher notch and thus in the lead to the growth of the economy (Clemons, 2009). One of the advantages of Internet advertising to the customers is the fact that it reaches a larger audience than all other form of advertisement. Majority of individuals, particularly the customers argon at the peak of Internet use to find the take up g oods of the best quality to corrupt.As advertisements reach a large number of customers, these same customers tush share the information on a certain(prenominal) product discovering more closely the benefits or the dangers of a given product. As Wasiak puts it, Social media has changed the way people interact amongst themselves and with their media (Wasiak, 2010). This is common among pharmaceutical products where Internet advertisements defy provided a slot for patients forums. This is also beneficial to product makers as they realize privileges when a large number of customers from all parts of the world are able to drive home a look at their product type and makes purchases.Internet advertising is perhaps the most cost impressive for producers and sellers. Since Internet tools used for advertisements are increasingly getting cheaper, customers can get access to information on a variety of products from different companies and make comparisons. Internet advertisements are usually done through many a(prenominal) ways. A website can be produced about a specific company and the goods and go that it offers can be listed on that website. The producers can also program pop-up windows that are programmed to pop up whenever specific websites are opened.At the same time, Internet advertising can be done by sending customers messages to their chain mail boxes telling them about the benefits or the quality of a new brand of good in the market (Wasiak, 2010). While messages and the pop-ups may irritate the users of the Internet, they smashed so much to provideing and interested customers to cor swipeorate a recherche look at the product or service being advertise. A good businessman is one who uses the least cost possible in the production of his goods and services.Advertisement falls under the channel of production and Internet advertising is one of the least cost stampive methods of advertising. The use of other forms of advertisement like the televis ions and other media has become too expensive for a rational producer and more so, it reaches only local customers. The cheapness of Internet advertising has made it to be truly popular among many people in the whole world (Clemons, 2009). With the Internet advertising, many companies and producers are able to establish various statistics that can be of help to the progression of their services and quality of the goods.This implies that all the features of the Internet advertising can be traced by the people placing those advertisements on the Internet. These features can be tested and measured and consumers or consumers can find enough entropy for analysis in invest to establish critical information about the companies they are trading with. more or less websites allow consumers of a certain product fill a form of client satisfaction and this greatly improves on product quality improvement. The improvement of the quality of products is of direct benefits to the consumers or cu stomers (Wasiak, 2010).Customers are able to access information on the number of people purchasing a particular product, the negative responses about particular goods and services, the recommendations posted on the websites by customers and many more. This data or statistics is very necessary not only to the producers or the advertisers provided also the customers. Internet advertising helps to improve the standards of advertisement as information about a particular product is available and the customer can find more about the product with just a a few(prenominal) mouse clicks.Unlike in bill board advertisement where customers can see a new brand of a product being advertised and plan to check the details later, Internet advertising is all about a click of a mouse and everything will be at the eyes of the customer(Clemons, 2009). While Internet advertising offers significant benefits to the customers, it has the capacities to infract the auditions and preferences of customers. A lthough the advantages of Internet advertising overweigh the disadvantages, specific limitations of advertising through the Internet stupefy to be appreciated as well.For instance, the customers suffer a lot of assessment torture trying to create the real picture of the goods being advertised on the Internet. An eligible customer would want to touch, feel and even taste the good before deciding to go for it in the market. This is one qualification the Internet advertising is lacking which is very vital in the convince the mind of the customer to taint the good. This however does not really affect the sales and purchases of goods and services that are advertised on the Internet. A customer builds trust of a website and trusts whatever he or she is being told about the good or service.The choice is still for the customer to square up whether he will buy the product or not (Wasiak, 2010). During the age of the wireless and television advertisements, the market function gained a lot of popularity (Sheumaker & Wajda, 2009, p. 114). There have been many questions as whether the Internet advertising will have a big impact on the marketing of goods and services as the communicate and television advertisement did. Many people still have doubts whether Internet advertising would ever be as popular as radio and television. Perhaps it may never bring a greater impact on the customers as radio and television advertisements have done.This observation can be justified while thinking on the basis of a developing world where Internet access is still a challenge. It should be well understood that Internet access among customers is key for successful marketing. Without Internet connection, the customers will not get critical information about a particular product the customers on the choice of good to buy (Sheumaker & Wajda, 2009, p. 114). some other effect the Internet advertisements have had on the customer is that they have been so successful in the persuasion of a customer to make a offset instance purchase of a good or a service.It is so clear that a consumer can opt to buy a good or even a service at the first instance he or she sees the advert on the website. This is so remote for the bill board advertisements and other forms of advertisements. The customer can see an advert of a commodity on a bill board advert, and decide to come back for the details later. But for the Internet advertising, the customer can choose to buy the product on the first instance he or she sees the advert on the Internet (Sheumaker & Wajda, 2009, p. 116). The problem is whether the customer will come back to another time for the second time to purchase more products.Retention of a customer is one of the motives of a producer or anyone advertising a specific product. It can be challenging for one to retain a customer online, but if, the customer decides to come back or not to (Clemons, 2009). Spending time online is another effect of Internet advertising to a c ustomer. For a loyal customer, he or she must spend most of her entire life on the Internet trying to see and compare the brand types and prices of different goods and services in order to pick the good or service with the best quality at the least cost possible.This is one effect of the Internet advertising that most customers have grown to live with. Spending most time on the Internet has its own disadvantage to the lives of the customers. It really deprives them of time to do other things or activities of their lives. This means that even some very eventful schedules have to be ignored and one to concentrate on other important matters. A customer is to pick the best alternative, whether to be at the Internet and try to see whatever is being advertised or attend to other social matters.Statistics show that a customer spends 5. 3 percent of his entire life on the Internet (Sheumaker & Wajda, 2009, p. 118). This is not whole for a normal individual. Internet advertising has made w ork very easy for many customers and clients in getting very essential services like the booking of flights and even the booking of hotels and lodges. With the Internet advertising, a phaeton in America can now book his flight in the house, book his hotel lodge in Africa in his house. This is so unlike what used to happen long time ago when Internet advertising did not exist.Had the Internet advertising not been thither, tourists would be forced to reach their culture first before heading to the hotel to book for their accommodation (Wasiak, 2010). Internet advertising has made it very easy for other clients to get services done at the most convenient time possible. This has often saved a lot of time and expenses for the customer he or she could have incurred if the Internet advertising had not been there. The occurrence of Internet advertising is possible ascribable to the fact that there are many goods that are being sold on the Internet and so many services being offered.To cre ate an awareness of the presence of such goods and services, the producers of the sellers of such goods and services must advertise them to their online customers. Conclusion and Recommendations In conclusion, Internet advertisements have taken the storm of all business advertising in the modern world. The contributions of Internet advertising to the customers have widely been appreciated. However, while customers online have gained extensively from the Internet advertisements, there are other negative effects that the Internet advertising has brought to them.Many companies have invested intensively in Internet business advertisements so as to soak up the maximum benefits brought by the technology of Internet advertising. However, security threats emanating from malicious attackers and hackers have compromised the smooth development in Internet advertisements and purchases. In some cases, there are different personalities who personify themselves as sellers online and cheat people to rob them of their money. It is not so common but when it happens it is disastrous. Despite all these, many customers have been motivated to buy online.Women most especially who used to be very afraid of using their credit cards online today they are the most leading in number to use the Internet to buy products of their choice. Companies have therefore the responsibility of improving their sites by enhancing them with antivirus software such as McAfee to keep off attackers and make customers to buy and sell online without any fear of being robbed of their money. Generally, Internet advertising has brought a lot of impacts to the customers and the consumers in general.Despite a few cases of the disadvantages of the online advertisement, it has really helped in pushing the marketing sector into higher notches. It has really facilitated trade between continents on a greater perspective as it was never expected before and this has been due to the wider audience that receives the adv erts that are being posted on the Internet. Therefore, Internet advertising can be said to have helped many customers in price of purchases and in many other positive ways.

Segmentation: Marketing

What atomic number 18 the weaknesses of mass grocerying, as opposed to pieceed commercializeing? What advantages does a society gain from market part, as opposed to treating the market as superstar entity? MASS martING- dope marketing is a market scheme in which firm or industry treat market with unity offer or angiotensin converting enzyme strategy. In this marketing term entire range of customers and audience atomic number 18 concentrated. As on that point is no sectionalization and focusing concern so large amount of customers ar mayhap exposed to the crossway.For sheath as audience is focused on radio, tv and nakedspapers in which large and broad audience argon targeted by the companies and industries towards their increase. Mass marketing is the opposite of segmented marketing as it focuses on highschool sales and low prices. Mass marketing aims is to provide serve and products that testament appeal to the whole market. Segmented marketing targeted a speci fic or particular segment of the market for example specialized services or goods with few or no competitors.WEAKNESSES OF MASS MARKETING AS conflicting TO SEGMENT MARKETING- Mass marketing focus to produce one type of goods and services to consumers, it is doable to reduce the level of risk snarled in implementing this marketing term by market research although on that point is always a danger that demand for the product may f solely. To decide any risks that may occur, a business must continuously demonstrate the life cycle of their products and to analyze their product portfolios, this should ensure that the business goods remain to satisfy the market. The high cost of fixed capital costs that be incurred may prevent many businesses from operating a market. * Developing a product that would appeal to a mass market is difficult as it must appeal to all customers. Appealing to individual customers would be in truth challenging for the business. * Businesses in mass marketing merchant ship be defencelessly to fluctuations in demand. A decrease in demand would lead to wild spare capacity that would effectively increase the unit cost per product. partitioning- Market segmentation is the concept in which markets certain group or people are targeted and focused.Researcher has sh suffer that racial similarity, role congruence, labeling intensity of ethnic identification, overlap knowledge and ethnic salience all promote positive effectuate on the targeted market. In market segmented we have seen that their customers and consumers are true and strongly affinity to the particular brand or product. As in market segmenting the market is divided into individual markets with similar wants and take as on the products consumption. Broadly markets can be divided according to a number of general criteria, such as by industry or public versus private.Although there is difference in industrial and consumer market segmentation except both of them have similar ob jectives. Why segmentation? single of the main reasons for using market segmentation is to patron companies to better date the require of a specific customer base. Mass marketing assumes that all customers are the comparable and get out respond to the same advertising. By look at ways in which electric latent customer groups are antithetical from to each one(prenominal) other, the marketing message can be better targeted to the needs and wants of those people.Often. Dividing consumers by clearly defined criteria will help the company lay other applications for their products that may not have been obvious before. These revelations often help the company target a larger audience in that same demographic classification, improving market share among a specific base. Segmenting the market can as well serve to identify smaller groups of people who eviscerate up their own, previously unknown subsets. SEGMENTATION OR SINGLE ENTITY MARKET-Segmentation is a good deal more val uable market strategy as differentiate to the market as a single unit because its much more hard and difficult to focus and know nearwhat the demands and needs of, customers and consumers if they are spread in a larger quantity. Market as a whole is difficult to handle if the areas of it are specifically are not defined and segmented advantageously exuberant to know about them. There are all sort of customers found in market, each of them are different in needs and wants, and their budgets and choices also differ, so to drop dead and fulfill their necessities market must be segmented and defined sufficiently.Is it possible to segment a market too far? What are the capableness disadvantages of segmenting a market? Choose a market to provide examples of these authorisation disadvantages? Market segmentation is one of the best market strategies to apply and save in market conditions. As in it product and services are enhanced and polished for the specific audience who demand, need and purchase them. In big wide world of billions of different types of people each and every company or industry first of all have to segment and target the specific group to at least introduce their product and check the result from audience as it goes in profit or loss.But if the segmenting occurs again and again and went to deep in the specification and selection thence it will be quit a difficult issue to elaborate and face, because there are certain criteria for segmentation if those will not be fulfilled then segmentation will give negative effect, some of them are given as follow- * It is potential to measure. * It must be large enough to earn profit. * It must be stable enough that it does not vanish after some time. * It is possible to reach potential customers via the organizations promotion and distribution channel. It responds consistently to a given market stimulus. * It can be reached by market intervention in a cost-efficient manner. * It is useful in deciding on the marketing mix. As its obvious that each an everything, strategy or planning have its own positive and negative side as well, so we can moreover try to minimize those disadvantages by research and investigations. Some of the disadvantages of over segmenting market are given below- * The segment will be just now too small to be addressed economically or meaningfully. * Customers are misinterpreted on their needs by too much segmentation. As there is always competitor market segment also working in market which will increase the costs and lesser profit delimitation of your product. * Further segmenting introduce new products in market which need higher(prenominal) mass of advertisement to make its place in market, which will be needing lots of market research and risk as well because of new entry in market. The type of segmentation you use will imagine on a lot of factors including the cost not only of conducting the research, but also of implementing the solution and the bu siness impact.Consequently ideally for each segment or group you want to know what the economic value and the economic potential for each group is and have some idea as to whether this is increase or falling. Consequently most quantitative segmentation studies are expand and complex. A more cost-effective approach is to develop groups based on qualitative research. Typically a business wants to minimize the number of segments it has as each costs money to target properly (database marketing and digital printing techniques allow for far finer targeting without too much superfluous cost).With small numbers of big segments, a good researcher will be able to identify these groups within a programmer of qualitative research. This will not gather economic data, but it enables deeper insight into each group and, if monitored over time, provides core information about how segments change and develop. For example- As we have seen that APPLE products and softwares are well known in market a nd are consume by thousands of customers near the world. They target the lead class of public with higher prices and best services in return.There applications can only be installed by APPLE warehousing as from which soon of them are free and others are paid as well as they bound their customers to do so. But if to maintain or increase their prestige, they will further segment there applications only to be installed after payment, then it will be too much high-ticket(prenominal) to afford that market term which will for sure affect their sells. As in market their competitors are developing sidereal day by day and offering really cheap amount for the look alike product and services as compare to them. The application provided by them are also free and approx. similar as given on APPLE STORES.

Ratio Analysis of Starbucks vs Mcdonald’s

Running Head RATIO ANALYSIS Starbucks breadbasket & McDonalds poto dimensionn McDonalds Corpo dimensionn McDonalds Corpo balancen operates in the nourishment service industry. The society has its restaurants in much than 100 countries of the world. McDonalds, the worlds largest food chain is headquartered in U. S. having an employee population of 390000 (Ab bring out McDonalds , 2008). Starbucks Corpo symmetryn Seattle based, Starbucks Corpo dimensionn is the jumper cable coffeehouse chain in the world. The company has its operations in more than 44 countries. The main products offered by Starbucks various kinds of drinks, snacks, coffee beans.The company besides operates in the field of marketing of music, books (The Company, 2008). residueality analytic thinking ratio Analysis (2007) RatiosStarbucksMcDonalds legitimate Ratio0. 790. 80 Quick Ratio0. 300. 67 Debt Equity Ratio1. 340. 92 trademarked Ratio0. 430. 52 Solvency Ratio0. 570. 48 Inventory disturbance Ratio12. 1 3118. 77 hoggish bread Ratio (%)23. 3434. 69 electronic network Profit Ratio (%)7. 1515. 67 way out on Proprietors Funds (%)29. 4515. 67 Earning Per Shargon0. 912. 06 Current Ratio Current Ratio may be defined as the kindred mingled with menstruum assets and current liabilities.It is similarly known as working jacket ratio or 2 1 ratio. It is reckon by dividing the current assets by current liabilities. The main components of this ratio are current assets and current liabilities. Current assets of a stanch represent those assets which can be, in the ordinary rail of line of reasoning, converted into cash deep down a period not transcend one year. Current liabilities mean those obligations which are to be paid within a period of one year of current assets or by creation of current liabilities (Van Horne, Wachowicz & Bhaduri, 2005).Current ratio of the Starbucks stomach and McDonalds Corporation is . 79 and . 80 respectively in the year 2007. There is little divagatio n in the current ratio of both the companies. The ratio reflects weak runniness position of both the companies and it shows that the companies do not have short termination solvency. Liquidity position can be improved to some goal and can be made equivalent to industry number. The industry average of current ratio is . 90 1. Quick Ratio This ratio is excessively helpful in analyzing short term monetary position of a business.Quick ratio is the measure of the instant debt paying ability of the business enterprise, hence it is called quick ratio (Van Horne, Wachowicz & Bhaduri, 2005). A quick ratio of 11 is considered as an ideal ratio. If the liquid ratio is more than 11, the financial position of the firm seems to be sound and good. On the early(a) hand, if the ratio is slight than 11 the financial position of the firm is unsound. Quick ratio of Starbucks is . 301 and McDonalds ratio is . 671. There is tall difference amidst the quick ratios of both the corporations.McDona lds liquidness position is much better than Starbucks. boilersuit, the short term liquidity position of both the firms is quite an poor because both the ratios are less than the desired norms. For instance, current ration should be 21 whereas, it is 11 approximately. Similarly the liquidity ratio is much less than 1 as compared to ideal standard of 11. Therefore, the companies will face difficulties in current obligations on maturity. Debt Equity Ratio This ratio indicates the congenator proportion of debt and equity in financing the assets of a firm.Debt Equity ratio reflects the relative claims of creditors and shareholders against the assets of a firm. The industry average of ratio is . 421. Debt equity ratio of McDonalds is . 921 which is luxuriouslyly satisfactory as normally the ratio of 11 is considered reasonable. The Starbucks ratio is 1. 341 which is very postgraduate. A high debt equity ratio has serious implications from the firms maculation of view. A high proport ion of debt in the capital structure precede to inflexibility in the operations of the firm as creditors would exercise impel and interfere in management. proprietorship Ratio Proprietary ratio establishes relationship between proprietors or shareholders funds and tally assets of the business. This ratio highlights the general financial strength of the firm. It is of great importance to creditors since it enables them to find out the proportion of shareholders funds in the total assets employ in the business. The ratio of Starbucks is . 431 and for the McDonalds it is . 521. though, ratios are quite similar but McDonalds again has a better position than Starbucks Corporation. Solvency RatioThis ratio measures the long term solvency of the business. It reveals the relationship between total assets and total external liabilities. This ratio measures the proportion of total assets provided by creditors of the firm i. e. what set out of assets being financed from loans (Van Horne, Wachowicz & Bhaduri, 2005). The total assets of Starbucks and McDonalds are more than total liabilities which indicates that the company is solvent. So, the higher the ratio, the grater is the amount of creditors that is being used to generate dinero foeman the possessors of the firm.The difference in both the companies ratio is small but however Starbucks has better performance than McDonalds in terms of solvency. Inventory Turnover Ratio The ratio indicates the number of time entry is replaced during the year. It measures the relationship between the terms of goods sold and the inventory aim. The inventory turnover ratio measures how quick inventory is sold (Van Horne, Wachowicz & Bhaduri, 2005). The inventory turnover ratio of Starbucks is 12 times while McDonalds ratio is 118 times. McDonalds has an efficient inventory management.Whereas Starbucks has minuscule inventory turnover ratio and it is unsatisfactory. In general, a high inventory turnover ratio is better than a low ratio. A high ratio implies good inventory management. A very low level of inventory has serious implications. It adversely affects the ability to meet customer study as it may mot cope up with its customer requirements. Gross Profit Ratio The ratio expresses the relationship of gross earn on sales to net sales in terms of percentage (Van Horne, Wachowicz & Bhaduri, 2005). Goss remuneration is the result of the relationship between prices, sales volume and costs.Gross profit marge of Starbucks Corporation is 23% whereas the ratio for McDonalds is 35%. McDonalds ratio is high as compared to Starbucks which is a sign of good management. It implies that the cost of production of the firm is relatively low. The McDonalds has reasonable gross valuation reserve which ensures commensurate coverage for operating expenses of the firm and ample return to the owners of the business, which is reflected in the net profit margin. Net profit Ratio This measures the relationship betwe en net profits and sales of a firm.The net profit margin is indicative of managements ability to operate the business with sufficient success not only to recover revenues of the period, the cost of merchandise or services, the expenses of operating the business and the cost of the borrowed funds, but also leave a margin of reasonable compensation to the owners for providing their capital at risk (Van Horne, Wachowicz & Bhaduri, 2005). Net profit ratio of McDonalds and Starbucks is 15. 67% & and 7. 15% respectively. McDonalds is generating adequate returns for its owners.On the other hand, Starbucks net profit margin shows inadequate returns to its owners. Overall efficiency and profitability of McDonalds is higher than Starbucks. Return on Proprietary Funds The ratio expresses the percentage relationship between net profit and proprietors funds or shareholders enthronement (Van Horne, Wachowicz & Bhaduri, 2005). It is used to specify the earning power of shareholders investment. R eturn on proprietors funds for McDonalds is 15. 7% and for Starbucks it is 29. 5%. Starbucks has better performance and higher return than the McDonalds. Earning Per ShareThe rate of dividend on shares depends upon the amount of profits darned by the firm. Whatever profit remains, afterwards meeting all expenses and paying preference share dividend, belongs to equity shareholders (Van Horne, Wachowicz & Bhaduri, 2005). These are the profits earned on equity share capital. The earning per share is calculated by dividing the profit available to equity shareholders by the number of shares issued. This is a popular ratio as it measures the profitability of a firm from owners standpoint. McDonalds EPS is higher than Starbucks which shows that the market price of the firm would be greater.It will also help the company to raise additional capital without any difficulty. This ratio plays an important in comparison of two companies from investment point of view. Investment Decision I would like to invest in McDonalds Corporation as the overall performance and productivity is high for the firm. The liquidity analysis performed through current ratio and quick ratio reveals that the McDonalds is better in terms of liquidity position. The company also has satisfactory position in terms of long term solvency. Though solvency ratio of Starbucks is higher but overall McDonalds has good financial position.Firm is able to quickly convert various assets into cash. McDonalds has high profit margins which is necessary for the higher returns to the shareholders. It shows that the resources are effectively utilized at the firm. EPS is very high which is necessary for the investment. Thus, investment in McDonalds Corporation is beneficial and it would give higher returns. References About McDonalds (2008). Retrieved November 19, 2008, from http//www. mcdonalds. com/corp/about. html McDonalds Corp Financial Statement. (2008). MSN Money. Retrieved November 19, 2008, from http//moneyce ntral. sn. com/investor/invsub/results/statemnt. aspx? token=USMCD&lstStatement=Balance&stmtView=Ann Starbucks Corp Financial Statement. (2008). MSN Money. Retrieved November 19, 2008, from http//moneycentral. msn. com/investor/invsub/results/statemnt. aspx? Symbol=SBUX&lstStatement=Balance&stmtView=Ann The Company. (2008). Retrieved November 19, 2008, from http//www. starbucks. com/aboutus/overview. asp Van Horne, J. C. Wachowicz, J. M. & Bhaduri, S. N. (2005). Fundamentals of Financial Management (12th Ed. ). (pp. 130-133). unify Kingdom Pearson Education.

How Does Steinbeck Present the Relationship Between George and Lennie in the Novel?

Steinbeck presents the relationship between George and Lennie by utilizing a upshot of literary techniques and devices, particularly in the first 3 section. The skilled and alert presentation of this relationship forms the foundation upon which almost all of the novellas prevailing themes ar structured, from the preciousness of companionship to the futility of dreams (and, in particular, the so-called American Dream). The first divide focussing on the hands (second paragraph, page 4) opens with the sentence They had walked single single file down the path, and even in the open one stayed behind the new(prenominal).Immediately, Steinbeck portrays the essence of George and Lennies relationship through this first quote about the men that this relationship had a hierarchy it was a withdrawer-and- partner relationship, with one member directive the other. The entire book revolves around this concept (George being Lennies carer as Lennie cannot lead himself), so it is appropriate t hat Steinbeck chooses this idea to be the cornerstone of the readers understanding of their relationship.However, in order to avoid any assumption that one man was go against than the other, Steinbeck dissolves the idea of a hierarchy immediately as he expound the similarities between the two men, all of which refer to clothing and possessions, such as them both being dressed in denim trousers and denim coats with hardihood buttons, and having black, shapeless hats and tight blanket rolls slung over their shoulders.Through their sole similarities being tangible possessions, Steinbeck shows that these two men are completely equal in retainer and situation, intensifying attention on and the significance of their physical and mental differences. Steinbeck follows this with diminutive and highly contrasting descriptions of the two men. He first describes the leader, using speech communication such as small and quick, slender and sharp.This does not create the image of a tradition al leader, a fact which is deepen with the description of a huge man with wide, sloping shoulders as his follower. Steinbeck uses these departures from dominion to indicate that there is an alternative reason why the leader leads the follower other than the traditional case of the pack following the strongest member. It is obvious that, although Lennie is the stronger and big of the two, he is content following a man who is several degrees small than him. The reason behind this is hinted

Reasons Women Live Longer Than Men

Reasons why wowork force stomach longer then hands It is an accepted fact of lifetime that hands enjoy certain physical advantages over wo hands. Men are stronger, taller, faster and less plausibly to be overweight, but they give birth then disposition to die before their female counterparts. Their date rate is high than women in many different societies. Women, as a group, kick the bucket longer than men. In all pay take awayed countries and most undeveloped ones, women outlive men, roughlytimes by a margin of as much as 10 historic period. In the U. S. life expectancyat birth is to the highest degree 79 years for women and about 72 years for men. The gender discrepancy is most enounce in the very old among centenariansworldwide, women outnumber men nine to one. The gender gap has widened in this century as gains in female life expectancy form exceeded those for males. The remainder grade for women are lower than those for men at all ageseven before birth. Altho ugh boys start life with some numerical leverage about 115 males are conceived for every deoxycytidine monophosphate females. Their numbers are preferentially whittled down thereafter.Just 104 boys are innate(p) for every 100 girls because of thedisproportionate rate of spontaneous abortions, distillerybirths and miscarriages of male fetuses. more(prenominal) boys than girls die in infancy. And during each subsequent year of life, mortality rate rates for males exceed those for females, so that by age 25 women are in the major(ip)ity. The reason women live longer than men nap be explained from a biological, psychological and kind view point. There are physiological, psychological and social factors that tolerate account for longevity of women.The reason women live longer than men is because they have better cardiovascular endurance, they have 2 x chromosomes which gain delays develop, men are more quest afterd in risky behaviors that basin cause death, and another reas on is that men are more likely to die from low gear women. Women have an advantage over men in terns of cardiovascular endurance sickness such a center assail and stroke are less likely to continue women than men. Woman develop these diseases later in life at about their 70s and 80s while on the other hand male normally get these types of disease about ten years younger in their 50s and 60s.A womans vegetable marrow can become more active than men. A major contributor to biological ageis ones heart action mechanism when the heart is more active andhealthier a persons biological age can be reducedbecause of how the heart is still working in a proper way. A womans heart tends to be more active primarily because of how the menstruation fulfil causes the heart to exercise and to work at a greater take aim. wholeness proposed reason for this is the menstruation process which causes a womans heart to become active by the release estradiol hormone in the womans body during the p rocess.Estradiol will work to strain the womans heart a greater amount of postcode because this is an especially powerful form of estrogen that can cause her heart to be more active. It is more powerful than other types of estrogen that can be found in a womans body. Because of the workout that is given to the heart during the menstruation period the heart will be able to work at a better rate and as a result to help with getting ones biological age reduced. Another reason for the delay in cardiovascular disease in women is that women are relatively iron deficient in equality to men.This is payable to the loss of blood during menstruation it is especially active in young females. Iron play a very active mapping in reaction within our cells that produce damaging free radicals which tie down unto the cell membrane and DNA, and may translate into aging the cell. A southward possible reason for why women live longer than men is the leaving in genetic make up. The existence of a second X chromosome in women while men have an X and a Y chromosome is a proposed reason for the longevity of women. When there is damage caused to the cell variations, women have back-up chromosome variations that men do not have.The assumption is that since men only have one X chromosome, they have a greater chance of aging more rapidly. Chromosomal differences between men and women may also affect their mortality rates due to diseases. Chromosomes postulate genetic mutations that cause a number of life-threatening diseases, including muscular dystrophy and hemophilia. Because women have two X chromosomes, a female with an abnormal gene on one of her X chromosomes can use the normal gene on the other and thereby avoid the expression of disease even though she is still a carrier of the defect.Men, in contrast, have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome, and so they cannot rely on an alternative chromosome if a gene on one of the sex chromosomes is defective. If a man has a defect in this gene, his bodys ability to repair the mutations that arise during cell division could be disadvantageously compromised. The accumulation of such mutations is thought to contribute to aging and disease. The second X chromosome as a longevity factor in and of itself. Although one of the two Xs is randomly inactivated beforehand(predicate) in life, the second X seems to become more active with increasing age.It may be that genes on the second X activates and compensate for genes on the first X that have been lost or damaged with age. A third reason for the mortality rate be higher for males is the fact that men are more likely to engage in risky life-threatening behavior thus raising the mortality rate among them. While this is a more social reasoning it can be explained using biological terms. The male specie experience what is cognise as testosterone storm in their late teens and 20s. At this stage the level of this hormone is in high quantity and it induce some serious behavior and bring out an aggressive nature in men. around male dominated sports such as drag racing, motorcycling, sky diving, mountain climbing and even boxing are dangerous sports that have caused death of the participants. They may also engage in rash behavior such as smoking, abusing alcohol, poor dieting and driving without a seat belt. These reckless behavior can cause death in the long transcend by death or immediately by accidents. The homicide rate of men is much higher than that of females. Men are more involved in violent and illegal activities that most of the time result is death due to violence.Such activities include scamming, drug dealing, gang involvement, gun trafficking, among others. In Jamaica hit is one of the use uping cause of death for men in early adulthood, and some of the time these victims are perpetrators of this same crime. As the saying goes live by the gun, die by the gun. A forth and last(a) reason is that men are more likely to die from depres sion that females. Depressing is higher among male that females. While many females will go to seek help for their depression, male are more reluctant to actively seek help from a counselor or even a friend.They would prefer to keep it inside and they may hold the motion that as long as it is not visible then its fine. Many men are harboring emotional distress and torment that cause depression. Depression and grief and affect ones health and further cause death. Depression can lead to suicide men are more likely to die from seek suicide than females. This is because male tend to use more fatal methods to carry out the action, for example, a woman would probably try to kill herself by overdosing on pills or medication while a man would tolerate off a ten story building.Overdose of pills can be remedied if detected early enough but if when a person jumps off a building there is no turning back or pause, they are heading at full speed ahead to the territory causing immediate death. In conclusion, the mortality rate for men is higher at all ages than female it is almost as if women have a natural adaptation for survival. There are biological, psychological and social reasoning for this phenomenon which are hormonal difference, difference in genetic make up, psychological healthiness and the social on look on risk taking and dangerous activities.

Ethics & Philosophy Essay

Free markets can be said to be the markets which make no government interference or regulation. The precisely regulations present ar the ones which involve protecting stead rights and maintaining the sound system. Free markets atomic number 18 markets in which the product prices are solely flummox through market forces, as opposed to interference by orthogonal forces. There is as well on the loose(p) competition in free markets, and the lawfulness of supply and demand is utilize to fix prices of goods and services in such(prenominal)(prenominal) markets. There are various philosophers who support free markets while differents are opposed to such markets.The paper will analyze the contri hardlyions of ten smith, Karl Marx and Milton Friedman on the issue and will give a brief conclusion on the issues demonstrateed. Karl Marx. Karl Marx was a German philosophers who is considered to be amongst the most controversial philosophers in history. He was against capitalist parsimoniousness and free markets, which he viewed to be a marrow with which property owners or the sizable use to maintain control over the peasants or poor. Karl Marx viewed the capitalist system as a system meant to make the generative richer and the poor poorer.He explained that initially, capitalist prudence was meant to be a heart and soul with which good deal ex qualifyingd commodities which they did not nourish. However, after capital was created, it evolved and became a means with which concourse could make profits as opposed to satisfying the demand for products. oer time, capitalism undermined the human development and well being, and products created could now dictate how interactions amid human beings would be. Soon, the relations between society became material as everything was treated in terms of its monetary worth, as opposed to creative and aesthetical qualities possessed.Capitalism led to the alienation of workers since they were separated from owning the means which was use for production, and they became slaves to the mountain who owned those means. This led to the emergence of ii scotch groups the property owners and the workers, and the last mentioned were oppressed by the former. This is the reason which make him predict the collapse of capitalism and its replacement with socialism. Socialism is a system in which the government or authority controls production so that it may be mutually ripe to all members of the society or state.Karl Marx was opposed to free markets since they tended to favor the rich and oppress the poor. Free markets are a feature of the capitalist system, which made Karl Marx oppose them. Weaknesses of this argument. Karl Marx is opposed to free markets ascribable to the weaknesses which he views in capitalism. Karl Marx views capitalism to be a system where the rich oppress the poor. He whence opposes all features of capitalist systems which he views to be a means which get on the exploitation of the poor .However, Karl Marx does not consider the model which combines both capitalism and socialism in order to take advantage of the positive attributes of the two models. Since socialism has its weaknesses, combining both models may be more undecomposed to the economy. In this respect, moderate government interference in occupation by the government is an option which Karl Marx should have pursued. turn Smith. He is considered to be the baffle of the modern economic science and he contributed a lot toward the modern capitalist system.Adam Smith was of the opinion that production was the key to economic harvest-tide and that this could exactly be achieved through economic liberalization. Adam Smith whence supported unregulated markets since he saw them as a means of stimulating economic emersion. He explained that free markets would enable individuals to develop a business without having government intercession, and that the people who consume the products developed would do so at prices which have been determined by demand and supply forces .Adam Smith added that free markets enabled the most competitive producers and consumers to survive, which was beneficial to the economy. He viewed free markets are independent problem solvers which did not acquire government interference, since market forces eventually address any surpluses or shortages which are inherent in the market. Adam Smith uses the invisible hand theory to explain the mood in which diametrical parts of the economy are integrated. Smith explains that for each one individual is guided by an invisible hand in fashioning their decisions which benefit the economy, without their knowledge.He explains that individuals carry out actions which are meant to benefit themselves, but they end up benefiting the society at large, which is not the initial grade of the individual. Smith gives an illustration of the creation of a wool finishing. He says that the coat is developed after a seri es of processes which are undertaken by different people. The shepherd who owns the sheep, the spinner who develops the coats, and the shipper who transports them to the market all play a position in the creation of the finished product.He explains that this subconscious process by the different parties involved achieves higher levels of efficiencies than would be achieved had the process been planned by the players involved. It means that markets which are regulated by the government have dismantle efficiency levels compared to markets which are not regulated . This is the major(ip) reason why Adam Smith supports the free markets as opposed to regulated markets. Weaknesses of this argument. Adam smith is of the opinion that free markets enabled the most competitive producers and consumers to survive, which is beneficial to the economy.He gives many attributes of free markets, most of which are true. However, he does not discuss the weaknesses of free markets. Free markets suffer from certain weaknesses such as inhibiting the growth of small firms. Free markets may also experience monopolistic and oligopolistic tendencies which adversely affect the economy. The economy may also suffer certain effect attributed to unfair practices in make out. Other effects like inflation, market downturns and others require regulation by a central authority. Adam Smith does not discuss these situations, which makes his argument inconclusive.Milton Friedman. Friedman made major contributions to the economic crisis during the early twentieth century. He viewed the 1920s as a period of sustainable and indispensable growth. Friedman believed that economic growth and freedom had a direct relationship. He apply several principles and arguments to further his support from free markets. The political principle was used by Friedman to define the features of free markets. He explained that in free markets, individuals cannot compel each other and that at that place is voluntary cooperation between the parties involved .He further explained that parties which are involved in transactions under such circumstances benefit in one way or another, other they would not participate in these transactions. In free market transactions, in that location are no social responsibilities and determine there are only shared responsibilities and values. However, Friedman was also of the opinion that the government should intervene in the economy if there is threat to it. One of the instances when Friedman supported government interference was during the salient depression which occurred in 1929.The Great Depression changed the view that the United States economy was robust and that it should be totally free from government control, after the US Stock Exchange collapsed due to various factors. Friedman supports the market regulation and explains that if the federal Government had intervened and applied the right policies, this depression would have been avoided. He exp lains that the federal official Government should have suspended payment for the withdrawals being requested by people. The policy which was used at the time, which involved printing more money to supplement the increased demand, is blamed for the Great Depression.This reveals a more well-off approach to the initial assume that government intervention should not be allowed, and that the markets should be allowed to operate as free markets. However, it does not completely change the stance which had been taken by Friedman regarding free markets. Government interference is allowed only under special circumstances where lack of intervention would lead to sinful effects to the economy. This was the pillow slip during the Great depression and is also currently the case in the event of the global fiscal crisis being experienced.Weaknesses of this argument. Friedman is categorical that there should be free markets if economies are to grow. He argues that the absence of social values an d responsibilities and the presence of shared values are factors which facilitate economic growth. However, he appears to take a soft stand when discussing the Great Depression where he advocates for government interference, but using the right policies. This is a deviation from his stand that the government should not interfere with the business environment.It also reveals that free trade has weaknesses which he does not effectively address. Personal view. In my opinion, free markets do not lead to secure political, social, or environmental problems as explained by roughly philosophers. This is because free markets are the most effective and natural means in which prices should be set to ensure effectiveness. On the contrary, a disparage approach of interference by the government may lead to serious political, social, or environmental problems as was seen in the Great Depression.The current financial crisis which began in the United States can also be said to have been accelerat ed by the government failure to limit the borrowings by investors and nimiety lending by financial institutions using predatory lending practices. This is a similar problem which led to the great depressions, and the government interference is seen to have led to adverse effects rather than positive effects on the economy. However, in extreme cases of economic problems, the government should intervene. This should only be make to save the economy in cases where the market forces are clearly unavailing to rectify the situation.For instance, the current financial crisis facing the world requires the governments intervention. This does not mean that the government supports the regulation of markets since in the absence of economic crises, the market forces would usually be used to set the product prices. My major reasons for supporting free markets is that regulated markets usually discourage investments, especially if the regulations are too strict. Investors prefer investing in co untries where there is free trade since they can predict their future earnings or returns on investment, due to the absence of external factors in the business environment.Regulated markets may also adversely affect the economy especially if the policies which are applied are retrogressive. Summary and conclusion. It is evident that the three philosophers made major contributions to the modern world. Their theories are still in use several years after almost of them passed away. However, it is important to note that their arguments relating to free trade are inconclusive since some of the facts which they used to support their arguments have changed. It is also important to note that no(prenominal) of them has a wrong view, it is only that they looked at free trade from different perspectives.The contributions which each of them has made to society should be appreciated since they all talked almost various issues affecting the society, and not just free trade. It is important tha t other scholars improve on the theories which were advanced by Adam smith, Karl Marx and Milton Friedman. This will think over the market environment as it is today, and the arguments developed can be used to improve the policies in the current business environment.Works cited.Amadae Samuel. Rationalizing capitalist res publica the Cold War origins of rational choice liberalism.Chicago University of Chicago Press, 2003, p255-261. Gagnier Regenia. The insatiability of human wants economics and aesthetics in market society. Chicago University of Chicago Press, 2000, p25-35. Machaj Mateusz. Friedman for government intervention the case of the great depression. Mises Daily. Retrieved on March 18, 2009 from . Sunderlin, William D. Ideology, social theory, and the environment. New York Rowman & Littlefield, 2002, p23-33.

Envy is a Sin

As all emotions, begrudge is socially constructed. Individual interaction, class change and social institutions like schools, family, religion, and politics define envy for us. Envy is bloodsucking on the beliefs about wealth, status, power, and how they ought to be distributed. In less complex societies covetous objects atomic number 18 food, babies, and health but in more complex societies they are wealth, status, and power. Envy, which is often mislabeled as jealousy, is hostility towards superiors. In an unequal situation, or comparison the envious has, non a mere wish, but a malicious wish that the other would lose his advantage (Foster, 1972167).Though condemned in all cultures and repressed in nearly every individual, envy has a function in society. Schoeck points out that envy is almost a taboo-topic in daily conversation, in research, and in literature. This condemning and repression is what allows envy to work. Envy in excess of that minimum is a surplus, which can do more injure than good (Schoeck, 1970348). In societies where envy is high productivity is low and where envy is low productivity is high. Envy is our drive for innovation and competition, though if not controlled causes poverty and revolutions.Management of envy is key to social recite. In order to minimize envy we must always rationalize our inequalities through gloomy statements such as Luck, Gods will, and leaden work, which date back through the history of the Greeks, Roman Catholic Church, and the Protestant Work Ethic. Although possibly the rich are wealth addicts, thrive on the envy of others, and the rest are all closet addicts fooled into accept that they will one day be rich too (Slater, 198016).

Summary of “Management Communication: Principles and Practice”

abridgment 1. Author Michael E. Hattersley, Linda McJannet Title oversight communication Principles and practice Date of number 2008, Publisher McGraw Hill International Edition Total number of pages (280) and pages I have read (3-17,237-257,257-69) 2. The main idea This maintain is approximately the Management Communication. This book is about opposite types of communication, questions and problems with any manager could deal wiht. It shows how to release well and how to speak well. It gives information about making strategy for your managerial communication. 3.The structure of the text and the main problems discussed by the author The text consists of triad chapters. In the first chapter the author introduces the foundations of Management Communication. This chapter mainly shows elements of communication and qualities of rough-and-ready communication. It also gives a realy rock-steady phrase, which everyone should remember good communicators are good listeners. In the second chapter the authors let offs effective writing process. It describes basic elements of good writing. It is proficient of examples, expressions and delectationful notes, for example, giving a lot of small tips, which can help in every situation.This chapter gives the necessary information to get any register to be read and received in the itinerary you want it. In the third chapter the authors describes methods of effective speech. This chapter helps to improve managers speech for different reasosns. to a fault it recommends to prepare, make a structure for your speech or presentation. It shows how to efficaciously deliver your speech or presentation. 4. The readers opinion about the book I prefer to read books about management because it gives me excess information and knowledge so i did enjoy reading this book.Book briefly gives information about the basics of Management Communications, as well the almost useful tools for dealing with communication. Readers task i s just to understand how and when to use them. I found out new things, for example, which words better not to use when speaking to the audience and with which words i can replace them. Also i read some facts about communication history, which were new for me. This book can help everyone manager who struggle with communication with his/her colleagues, partners, etc.Because it offers excersises for myself as a business communicator with the purpose of to find my stregths and weaknesses. This book confirmed that manager ask not just the theory but an actual practice speaking and writing (also role playing) is required because in my opinion it is the best way to develop communication skills. Also i found out a lot of new words reading this book, then tried to explain and translate them. 5. Vocabulary list devote to give or keep back (sniegt, pieteikties) workload the amount of work (slodze) revity briefness quality of expressing much in few words / short time (izteikties isi, kod oligi) vigor force, strenght, healthy psychogenic or physical energy (speks, energiskums) hyphens defise attributive noun noun that modifies other noun glibly persuasive parliecinosi, parliecinoss incremental increasing, extending (palielinoss) assumptions pienemumi disintermediation cutting out the middlemand atteikties no kada slana/amata tirdzniecibas kede egalitarian lidzigs, demokratisks, bezskiru sadalijums pervade viscaur taradiddle stasts clash sadursme, konflikts llegiance loyalty, trustiness (lojalitate, uzticiba, padeviba) ample plass implications sekas engage iegut un noturet cilveku uzmanibu, interesi, noligt kadu konkretam amatam dalliances niekosanas, vieglpratiga apiesanas, cilveka uzvediba, kurs vilcinas, leni rikojas legitimate likumigs, pareizs Obviate izvairities flood receptive indifferent grapevine convey succinct dignity preponderant immensely commond (of the language) bond trader constituents = dalliances cultivated izkop ts, izsmalcinats promoter horde circumvant needfully privotial implicitly factual concision clutter

Informative Outline (Anxiety)

Introduction I. Think roughly a time when your breathing quickened, your muscles tensed, and your heart pounded with a sudden moxie of dread. II. Was it when your car almost went off the road from the rain? Or peradventure when your teacher announced you had a test? III. Anytime you face wheat seems to be a serious threat to your well-being, you may react with the state of ready alarm kn give birth as fear. IV. You may not al focal points be able to pinpoint a specific cause for your alarm, but assuage you feel tense and edgy. V.Im going to inform you all on what its like to live a day in a persons life who has solicitude rowdiness. VI. Thesis There are a few things you should know to truly be able to conceive someone who has care disorder A. What anxiety is. B. Symptoms of anxiety C. The causes of anxiety D. The effect of anxiety E. Treatments for anxiety Body I. Anxiety is usually defined as a vague sense of being in danger. A. It has the same features as fear including increase in breathing, muscular tightness, perspiration, and so forth. B.Sometimes anxiety keeps muckle on their toes meaning we may drive to a greater extent cauciously in a storm, pay attention to due date more(prenominal), and leaving your house in enough time to be where you need to be a miniscule early. C. However, some mess control such disabling fear and anxiety that they quite a littlenot lead a normal life. 1. Their discomfort is severe which sometimes lowest too long or is triggered easily. 2. These are people who are state to have anxiety disorder. D. Anxiety disorders are the most common mental disorders in the United States. transition People with generalized anxiety disorder experience constant worry. ) II. Because each person has a unique chemical make up the type number, intensity, and frequency of anxiety symptoms will go from person to person. A. Symptoms of anxiety feel restless, keyed up, or on rim tire easily have difficulty concentrating behave fro m muscle tension and have sleep problems. 1. The symptoms last at least six months. 2. ordinarily it appears in adolescence or childhood. 3. Women diagnosed with the disorder out-number men 2 to 1. . Studies have undercoat that people in highly threatening environments are indeed more likely to develop this disorder. a. For example months and even years following Hurri shadowe Katrina in 2005, the rate of generalized anxiety disorder and other anxiety disorders were in two ways as high of residents who lived through the disaster than people who lived elsewhere. B. Other anxiety symptoms are described as being like a hypochondriac in other words have constant worry oer 1. Having a heart attack. 2. Having a serious undetected illness. 3.Losing control of thoughts or actions. 4. And being alone. C. Its not uncommon with anxiety disorder to similarly suffer from depression or vice versa. Nearly one half of those diagnosed with anxiety are in any case diagnosed with depression. (tr ansition With anxiety disorder some people can hold a job and function socially, where others cant even leave their homes. ) I. The exact cause of Generalized Anxiety infirmity (GAD) is unknown however, evidence that biological factors, family background, and life experiences, expoundicularly stressful ones, range a role.A. Anxiety could be genetically inherited or besides something that we create. B. Parents can also mentally cause or pass their own anxiety on by the ways they have raised you and the way they have taught you to interact with the world. (transition Only about 1/3 of those pang seek treatment. ) I. While medications and other therapies reduce symptoms and help diminish anxiety, we shouldnt consider it a cure. A. Learning what anxiety is, what it does to the mind and body, and more importantly, what you can do to eliminate it IS the cure. B.Anxiety is a condition that has the potential to return once more and again unless you receive the proper culture, help, an d support from your loved ones. 1. Knowledge is the provide to recovery. C. Relaxation techniques, meditation, yoga, exercise, and other alternative treatments may also become part of the treatment plan. 1. If you have co-occurring conditions such as anxiety and depression it should also be treated appropriately. (transition 40 million adults ages 18 and older suffer from this disorder making it the most common mental illness in the United States.Conclusion I. I am one who experiences this disorder. A. Because I do experience this disorder, I understand it intimately. B. If you have any questions about your anxiety it can be helpful to not only talk with a therapist but also to someone who has actually experienced the disorder because we arent going to be stumped, or puzzled by your symptoms and you dont have to feel embarrassed. II. I hope after learning more about Generalized Anxiety Disorder you can use the information I provided to help and support someone you know that is expe riencing this terrible disorder.

Four Challenges of Sustainability

quaternion Challenges of Sustainability by David W. Orr confronts the problems of sustainability and proposes a path to get there. The concept of sustainability is the primary motion and goal in regards to the future of humans. The entire idea that humans and culture as we know it may cease to exist, is a relatively raw idea. This very real idea has spawned acknowledgement and pursuit of avoiding it through sustainability. Militarization, the increase number of incredibly poor, and the increasing amount of frivolous consumption atomic number 18 some of the many current practices that simply cannot be sustained.Major industrial industries like agriculture, energy production, and health care consider begun to exhibit diminish returns. The move to sustainability requires major changes and improvements in government, specifically democratic governments and the relationship surrounded by them and their citizens. Fair distribution of wealth, cradle to cradle material policy, and bu ilding ecologically sound cities are only possible through ethical governments that have their citizens best interests at heart.Orr more succinctly puts this as, Sustainability, in short, constitutes a series of public choices that require effective institutions of governance and a thinking(a) democratically engaged citizenry. Education and curriculums must be improved to imply ideas that are essential to sustainability. These ideas should promote more windmills, more farmers markets, and more base businesses. Orr feels that the public must be educated about sustainability and then taught how to carry through it.It is then their responsibility to pass this knowledge on to future generations. The mutation to sustainability requires more than education and critical problem solving skills. In the involve for sustainability, Orr says we need a higher level of spiritual awareness and references Schumacher in saying that we require, wisdom, love, compassion, understanding, and empa thy. These spiritual tools will enable us to stop the egotism destructive behaviors that we continually perpetuate. If not for any other reason than preserving beneficence we must stop killing the planet.